Embryonal Neoplasms Introduction Embryonal tumors of the CNS are poorly differentiated malignant neoplasms that preferentially affect children. Categories of embryonal CNS neoplasms recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) include…
Meningeal Lesions Meningioma General Meningiomas arise from the arachnoid cap cells that inhabit the most superficial portion of the arachnoid membrane, just below the inner surface of the dura. These…
Sellar and Suprasellar Lesions Normal Pituitary The pituitary resides in the sella turcica on the roof of sphenoid sinus, bounded superiorly by an encasing flap of dura (diaphragma sellae), over…
Neuronal and Mixed Glioneuronal Neoplasms Ganglioglioma/Gangliocytoma (WHO Grade I) and Anaplastic Ganglioglioma (WHO Grade III) Clinical Context Ganglioglioma is probably the most common of the neuronal and glioneuronal tumors, with…
Other Gliomas Astroblastoma Clinical Context The sum of knowledge of this rare glial neoplasm encompasses fewer than 300 cases, many of those known only through large tumor registry databases such…
Ependymal Tumors General Ependymomas are glial tumors that display morphologic, immunophenotypic, and ultrastructural similarities to the ependymal cells lining the cerebral ventricular system. As a group, ependymomas have recently undergone…
Diffuse Gliomas The WHO classification of brain tumors has undergone great change in the 2016 update to the 4th edition with regard to the diffuse, or infiltrating, gliomas (1). The…
Other Astrocytomas Pilocytic Astrocytoma (WHO Grade I) Clinical Context General Pilocytic astrocytomas are the most common primary CNS neoplasms in childhood, accounting for about 17% of all such lesions (1)….
Inflammatory and Infectious Lesions Demyelinating Lesions Clinical Context The etiologies and patient characteristics associated with demyelinating lesions vary considerably. Most frequently encountered is the enigmatic autoimmune process of multiple sclerosis,…
Benign Cysts and Selected Developmental Anomalies Benign Endodermal Cysts (Rathke Cleft, Colloid, Enterogenous, Neurenteric, and Neuroepithelial Cysts) General Endodermal cysts are benign developmental lesions that contain epithelia resembling those derived…
