7 Types of Hydrocephalus
10.1055/b-0036-141982 7 Types of Hydrocephalus David S. Xu and Peter Nakaji 7.1 Introduction Hydrocephalus is one of the oldest neurologic pathologies recorded in human history, with multiple descriptions by Galen…
10 Communicating Hydrocephalus
10.1055/b-0036-141985 10 Communicating Hydrocephalus Sean M. Barber and Y. Jonathan Zhang 10.1 Introduction Communicating (nonobstructive) hydrocephalus is a relatively common source of morbidity and mortality in patients with disorders of…
11 Multiloculated and Complex Hydrocephalus
10.1055/b-0036-141986 11 Multiloculated and Complex Hydrocephalus M. Yashar S. Kalani and Charles Teo 11.1 Introduction Multiloculated, or multicompartmental hydrocephalus is a challenging conglomeration of diseases, mostly attributable to intrauterine meningitis…
8 Congenital Hydrocephalus
10.1055/b-0036-141983 8 Congenital Hydrocephalus Ahmed J. Awad, David A. Chesler, and George I. Jallo 8.1 Introduction Congenital hydrocephalus is defined as the buildup of excessive amounts of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),…
4 Lateral and Third Ventricle Anatomy
10.1055/b-0036-141979 4 Lateral and Third Ventricle Anatomy Kaan Yagmurlu and Albert L. Rhoton Jr. 4.1 Introduction Operative approaches to the lateral and third ventricles are made challenging by their deep…
3 Development of a Flexible Neuroendoscope
10.1055/b-0036-141978 3 Development of a Flexible Neuroendoscope Kazunari Oka 3.1 Introduction Minimally invasive surgery represents a major advance in the field of neurosurgery. The endoscope has played a major role…
6 Basal Cisterns Anatomy
10.1055/b-0036-141981 6 Basal Cisterns Anatomy Yoshua Esquenazi Levy, Thomas Frank, and Arthur L. Day 6.1 Introduction With the rapid expansion and utilization of endoscopy during cranial neurosurgery, detailed anatomical knowledge…
2 Neuroendoscopic Technology
10.1055/b-0036-141977 2 Neuroendoscopic Technology Michael R. Gaab 2.1 Introduction In gynecology and urology, endoscopes were already in use at the end of the nineteenth century. With a rigid cystoscope, the…
1 The Evolution of Neuroendoscopy
10.1055/b-0036-141976 1 The Evolution of Neuroendoscopy Eisha Christian, Gabriel Zada, and Michael L. J. Apuzzo 1.1 Early Development of Endoscopy The term endoscopy (to see inside) derives from the Greek…
