Abstract Non-invasive brain stimulation to stimulate neuroplasticity, enhance recovery, and improve mood after stroke has made substantial technical advances in the past two decades. The most common neuromodulatory techniques are…
Abstract Pre-clinical studies provide clear and consistent evidence that a variety of centrally acting drugs affecting specific neurotransmitters can either facilitate or interfere with functional recovery after brain injury. Although…
Abstract Language and cognitive impairments are common consequences of stroke. These difficulties persist with 60% of stroke survivors continuing to experience memory problems, 50% attention deficits and 61% communication problems…
Abstract Intracerebral haemorrhage and subarachnoid haemorrhage are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Too often the focus is on acute treatment after a haemorrhage has occurred, instead of primary and…
Abstract Worldwide, stroke is a most common disabling disorder that requires rehabilitation services if curative and preventive treatments fail. There is growing evidence that intensive rehabilitation offered by a multidisciplinary…
Abstract Cervical artery dissection (CAD) is characterized by an intramural haematoma due to a subintimal tear and accounts for up to 25% of ischaemic strokes in young and middle-aged adults….
Abstract With the exception of near-occlusion, CEA is of overall benefit for selected patients with recent symptomatic carotid stenosis =50% (NASCET method), provided surgical stroke/death risk is low. The benefit…
Abstract Long-term (>1 year) single antiplatelet therapy with aspirin is effective in reducing the risk of any early recurrent stroke by about one-sixth compared with no antiplatelet therapy. Clopidogrel monotherapy…
Abstract Cardiogenic embolism is a common cause of recurrent ischaemic stroke. The cardiac source of embolism is usually the left atrial appendage and atrium due to atrial fibrillation (AF). Other…
Abstract RCTs provide evidence that stroke risk is reduced by several risk factor control strategies reviewed in this chapter: adhering to a Mediterranean Diet , avoiding long-term estrogen hormone replacement,…
