Thoracoscopic Diskectomy
10 Thoracoscopic Diskectomy J. PATRICK JOHNSON AND CRYSTAL D. ROGERS Thoracoscopic diskectomy procedures emerged with technical advances in endoscopy and digital video imaging in the early 1990s, described as video-assisted…
Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion
24 Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion FAHEEM A. SANDHU AND RICHARD G. FESSLER After 45 years of experience with lumbar spine surgery, Cloward,1,2 the first surgeon to successfully perform…
Percutaneous Vertebroplasty for Painful Vertebral Body Compression Fractures
29 Percutaneous Vertebroplasty for Painful Vertebral Body Compression Fractures HUY M. DO AND BRIAN S. KIM Approximately 700,000 vertebral fractures associated with osteoporosis occur each year.1 As a result of…
Endoscopic Posterior Fixation of the Cervical Spine
9 Endoscopic Posterior Fixation of the Cervical Spine LARRY T. KHOO, MICHAEL Y. WANG, AND TOORAJ GRAVORI Several internal fixation techniques have been developed for the posterior fixation of the…
Nucleoplasty
32 Nucleoplasty CURTIS W. SLIPMAN AND ZACHARIA ISAAC In 1934, Mixter and Barr1 publicized the potential and probable link between a herniated nucleus pulposus and radicular pain. Their study provided…
Robotic Endoscopic Spine Surgery
35 Robotic Endoscopic Spine Surgery DAVID LE, RUSSELL WOO, AND DANIEL H. KIM Innovations in endoscopic technique and equipment continue to broaden the range of applications in spine surgery; however,…
Microendoscopic Cervical Laminectomy and Laminoplasty
8 Microendoscopic Cervical Laminectomy and Laminoplasty MICK J. PEREZ-CRUET, MICHAEL Y. WANG, AND DINO SAMARTZIS Compression of the spinal cord from cervical spondylosis was first described in 1911 by Bailey…
Percutaneous Translaminar Facet Screw Fixation
25 Percutaneous Translaminar Facet Screw Fixation JOHN S. THALGOTTAND JAMES M. GIUFFRE Translaminar facet screws (TLFSs), invented by Magerl for posterior stabilization, were first described by Montesano et al in…
Endoscopic/Percutaneous Lumbar Pedicle Screw Fixation
23 Endoscopic/Percutaneous Lumbar Pedicle Screw Fixation KEVIN T. FOLEYAND LANGSTON T. HOLLY Pedicle screw fixation has become a widely accepted method for spinal stabilization. This technique provides rigid, three-column stability…
Historical Background of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery
1 Historical Background of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery MICK J. PEREZ-CRUET, RAJU S. V. BALABHADRA, DINO SAMARTZIS, AND DANIEL H. KIM Demands from health insurance organizations and hospitals to remain…
