4Regulatory and Reimbursement Considerations Highlights Multimodal therapies represent an emerging area to the FDA; sponsors are encouraged to consult with the agency at early stages of development (Peña). The FDA…
6Developing Multimodal Therapies: Practical Considerations Relating to Industry Highlights Even when a multimodal or other innovative therapy provides increased value, barriers exist with regard to adoption, use, and reimbursement (Nye)….
1Introduction1 Multimodal therapy approaches that combine interventions aimed at different aspects of disease are emerging as potential—and perhaps essential—ways to enhance clinical outcomes for patients with psychiatric and neurological disorders….
6 Epiduroscopy Equipment Günter Schütze 6.1 Introduction The technical requirements for spinal endoscopy systems for clinical use in the diagnosis of and therapy for neuraxial pain syndromes are regulated, for…
12 Evaluation of Epidural Pathology and Epiduroscopic Images Günter Schütze 12.1 Introduction Among the most exacting and difficult tasks for any pain therapist are the diagnosis of and treatment for…
2 Applied and Radiological Anatomy of the Epidural Space for Spinal Endoscopy Jatinder S. Gill 2.1 Introduction The epidural space forms an interface between the thecal sac and the bony…
9 Sacral Hiatus Epiduroscopic Approach Paulo Pereira and Pedro Monteiro 9.1 Introduction In the same way as for lumbar epidural steroid injections, different surgical approaches are possible for epiduroscopy, namely,…
7 Epiduroscopic Surgical Tools Günter Schütze 7.1 Introduction The requirements for clinical use of spinal endoscopy medical products for diagnostics and therapy of neuraxial pain syndromes are regulated by the…
10 Transforaminal and Interlaminar Approaches in Epiduroscopy Alan David Kaye, Diana Mekler, Adam Shomstein, and Richard D. Urman 10.1 Introduction An important indication for epiduroscopy has been to further address…
21 Transforaminal Epiduroscopic Laser Annuloplasty for Diskogenic Pain Victor P. Lo, Jongsun Lee, Ashley E. Brown, Alissa Redko, and Daniel H. Kim 21.1 Introduction Pain in the lower back can…
