Fourth Level: The Limbic System
(1) Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Capital Federal, Argentina Abstract In a simplified view, brain function can be considered the product of the neocortex…
The Enlarged Autonomic Nervous System
(1) Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Capital Federal, Argentina Abstract The traditional view of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) considers only its peripheral part,…
Clinical Implications of the Enlarged Autonomic Nervous System
(1) Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Capital Federal, Argentina Abstract Since the ANS is extensively involved in the function of almost every organ system,…
Diseases of the Spinal Nerve Roots and Peripheral Nerves
13.1 Radicular Syndromes 13.2 Peripheral Nerve Lesions Down the Garden Path The patient, a 52-year-old office worker, had been receiving intramuscular vitamin B12 injections every month for the past 3 years because…
Diseases of the Cranial Nerves
12.1 Disturbances of Smell (Olfactory Nerve) 12.2 Neurologic Disturbances of Vision (Optic Nerve) 12.3 Disturbances of Ocular and Pupillary Motility 12.4 Lesions of the Trigeminal Nerve 12.5 Lesions of the Facial Nerve 12.6 Disturbances of Hearing…
Ancillary Tests in Neurology
4.1 Fundamentals 4.2 Imaging Studies 4.3 Electrophysiologic Studies 4.4 Ultrasonography (Neurosonography) 4.5 Other Ancillary Studies Stay Alert! The patient, a 72-year-old woman who worked at the checkout counter in a family-owned grocery store, consulted her…
Diseases of the Spinal Cord
7.1 Overview 7.2 Spinal Cord Trauma 7.3 Slowly Progressive Spinal Cord Compression 7.4 Spinal Cord Ischemia and Hemorrhage 7.5 Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases of the Spinal Cord 7.6 Diseases Mainly Affecting the Long Tracts of the…
Diseases of Muscle (Myopathies)
15.1 Structure and Function of Muscle 15.2 General Symptomatology 15.3 Muscular Dystrophies 15.4 Myotonic Syndromes and Periodic Paralysis Syndromes 15.5 Metabolic Myopathies 15.6 Myositis 15.7 Other Diseases Affecting Muscle 15.8 Disturbances of Neuromuscular Transmission—Myasthenic Syndromes Going Weak An…
Cerebral Ischemia and Ischemic Stroke
Overview Roughly 2 per 1,000 persons per year sustain an ischemic stroke; the incidence of stroke rises markedly with age. Women are less commonly affected than men up to age…
Painful Syndromes
14.1 Fundamentals 14.2 Painful Syndromes of the Head and Neck 14.3 Painful Syndromes of the Face 14.4 Painful Shoulder–Arm Syndromes 14.5 Pain in the Trunk and Back 14.6 Leg Pain 14.7 Pseudoradicular Pain The Same, Only Different…
