Fig. 5.1 Illustrative case of a 50 years-old frustrated left-handed patient diagnosed with a left frontal glioblastoma revealed by headaches and language disturbances. a Preoperative T1-gadolinium enhanced MRI, showing a large enhancing…
Carrier Treatment Phase Study population # of patients Results Reference Nanoparticles Aminosilane-coated iron oxide particles and alternating magnetic fields I Recurrent grade IV astrocytoma 14 • Minor or no side…
Trial Phase Disease type Patients (n) Arms Median PFS (mo) PFS-6 (%) Median OS (mo) Reference BRAIN 2 rGBM 167 BEV 4.2 42.6 9.2 [37] BEV + irinotecan 5.6 50.3 8.7 NCI 2 rGBM 48 BEV…
Fig. 9.1 Critical signaling pathways altered in malignant gliomas. Primary sequence alterations and significant copy number changes for the components of the a | RTK/RAS/PI3K, b | p53, and c |…
Fig. 8.1 a Magnetic resonance imaging of brain—glioblastoma magnetic resonance imaging reveals the aggressive nature of glioblastoma with the typical ring enhancement, central necrosis, and significant mass effect. b Magnetic resonance…
Figure 6.1 The categories of symptoms in multiple sclerosis Figure 6.2 Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary symptoms in multiple sclerosis MS symptoms may be classified as acute, subacute, or chronic….
Figure 2.1 The immune players of multiple sclerosis The underlying trigger is unknown, but may be autoimmune, environmentally stimulated or intrinsically degenerative. Whatever the initial precipitant, the innate immune response…
MRI criteria for demonstration of dissemination in space One or more T2 lesions in at least two out of four CNS areas: (a) Periventricular (b) Juxtacortical (c) Infratentorial (d) Spinal…
Disease-modifying agent ROA and frequency Mechanism of action Major clinical trials Major adverse events Monitoring requirements Interferons (IFN) IFN β-1b (Betaseron®, Extavia®) 0.25 mg SC every other day Immunomodulation, reduction…
Drug Molecule Mechanism of action Main trials Side effects Daclizumab Humanized monoclonal antibody of CD25 subunit of IL-2 receptor Increase of the CD56 NK cell levels 1. SELECT Phase II…
