Fig. 10.1 Molecular mechanisms of IDH-associated tumorigenesis. Wild-type IDH1/2 (wtIDH1/2) converts isocitrate (generated through the citric acid (TCA) cycle) into α-KG, producing NADPH in the process. Mutant IDH1/2 (mutIDH1/2) converts isocitrate…
© Springer International Publishing AG 2017Jennifer Moliterno Gunel, Joseph M Piepmeier and Joachim M. Baehring (eds.)Malignant Brain Tumors 10.1007/978-3-319-49864-5_17 17. Tumor-Specific Approach: Oligodendroglioma (IDH1 Mutated, 1p/19q Deleted) Charles Marc Leyrer1 , Erin Murphy1 and Manmeet Ahluwalia2 (1) 9500 Euclid Ave./T-28, Cleveland,…
Fig. 16.1 Schematic overview of a possible clinical decision algorithm outside clinical trials for infiltrative glioma. IDH isocitrate dehydrogenase; ATRX alpha thalassemia mental retardation X-linked; MGMT O6 methylguanine methyltransferase; G–CIMP glioma-CpG…
© Springer International Publishing AG 2017Jennifer Moliterno Gunel, Joseph M Piepmeier and Joachim M. Baehring (eds.)Malignant Brain Tumors 10.1007/978-3-319-49864-5_15 15. Glioma Radiosensitizers: Exciting New Developments and Directions Christopher D. Corso1 and Ranjit S. Bindra1 (1) Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale…
Fig. 5.1 Illustrative case of a 50 years-old frustrated left-handed patient diagnosed with a left frontal glioblastoma revealed by headaches and language disturbances. a Preoperative T1-gadolinium enhanced MRI, showing a large enhancing…
Carrier Treatment Phase Study population # of patients Results Reference Nanoparticles Aminosilane-coated iron oxide particles and alternating magnetic fields I Recurrent grade IV astrocytoma 14 • Minor or no side…
Trial Phase Disease type Patients (n) Arms Median PFS (mo) PFS-6 (%) Median OS (mo) Reference BRAIN 2 rGBM 167 BEV 4.2 42.6 9.2 [37] BEV + irinotecan 5.6 50.3 8.7 NCI 2 rGBM 48 BEV…
Fig. 9.1 Critical signaling pathways altered in malignant gliomas. Primary sequence alterations and significant copy number changes for the components of the a | RTK/RAS/PI3K, b | p53, and c |…
Fig. 8.1 a Magnetic resonance imaging of brain—glioblastoma magnetic resonance imaging reveals the aggressive nature of glioblastoma with the typical ring enhancement, central necrosis, and significant mass effect. b Magnetic resonance…
Figure 6.1 The categories of symptoms in multiple sclerosis Figure 6.2 Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary symptoms in multiple sclerosis MS symptoms may be classified as acute, subacute, or chronic….
