Figure 2.1 The immune players of multiple sclerosis The underlying trigger is unknown, but may be autoimmune, environmentally stimulated or intrinsically degenerative. Whatever the initial precipitant, the innate immune response…
MRI criteria for demonstration of dissemination in space One or more T2 lesions in at least two out of four CNS areas: (a) Periventricular (b) Juxtacortical (c) Infratentorial (d) Spinal…
Disease-modifying agent ROA and frequency Mechanism of action Major clinical trials Major adverse events Monitoring requirements Interferons (IFN) IFN β-1b (Betaseron®, Extavia®) 0.25 mg SC every other day Immunomodulation, reduction…
Drug Molecule Mechanism of action Main trials Side effects Daclizumab Humanized monoclonal antibody of CD25 subunit of IL-2 receptor Increase of the CD56 NK cell levels 1. SELECT Phase II…
Figure 1.1 Disease courses of multiple sclerosis When still accompanied by relapses or MRI markers of disease activity, SPMS and PPMS take on the added descriptor of “active.” Additionally, as…
Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography (ASPECT) score 10. CT angiography shows no occlusion of large extra- and intracranial arteries. After discussing the case, it was agreed that there were…
Setting A Hospital with: Emergency department 24/7 radiology services 24/7 laboratory services Setting B Hospital with: Emergency department 24/7 radiology services 24/7 laboratory services 24/7 neurology/stroke unit + hospital neurologist…
NIH Stroke Scale 1a Level of consciousness 0 Alert 1 Not alert; but arousable by minor stimulation 2 Not alert; requires repeated stimulation 3 Responds only with reflex motor or…
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017Giuseppe D’Aliberti, Marco Longoni, Cristina Motto, Valentina Oppo, Valentina Perini, Luca Valvassori and Simone VidaleIschemic StrokeEmergency Management in Neurology10.1007/978-3-319-31705-2_3 3. Organizational Clinical Pathways Valentina Oppo1, Cristina Motto2 and Valentina Perini1 (1) Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Department…
Fig. 15.1 Aspects of the experience of caregiving [30]. (Adapted with permission from Gonçalves-Pereira and Mateos [30]) Of course the negative implications of talking about what or who is burdensome…
