Study Treatment modality Age criteria (years) Time window Territory NIHSS criteria Vascular imaging Other imaging Number of cases Mean age (years) NIHSS median, (range) or [IQR] Time onset to groin…
Fig. 14.1 Surgical techniques of superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery bypass with encephalo-galeo-duro-synangiosis 14.5 Case Illustration A 23-year-old female presented with motor TIA. Angiography disclosed nearly total occlusion…
Major source Minor source Atrial fibrillation Patent foramen ovale Rheumatic valve disease (mitral stenosis) Atrial septal defect Prosthetic valve Ventricular septal defect Infective endocarditis Calcified aortic stenosis Marantic endocarditis Mitral…
Cardiac disorders Congenital heart diseases, especially cyanotic or complex Endocarditis, aortic/mitral stenosis, cardiac arrhythmia Infections Meningitis, encephalitis, sinusitis, otitis media Vascular disorders/ Moyamoya disease, Takayasu disease, Kawasaki disease Vasculitis Fibromuscular…
Fig. 5.1 Potential effects of hyperglycemia over time on pathophysiological processes involved in development of cerebral ischemia The observed relation between hyperglycemia and poor outcome in patients with ischemic stroke…
Reference Country No* Samples Main findings Takahashi et al. [37] JPN 15 CSF bFGF ↑ Houkin et al. [38] JPN 48 CSF bFGF ↑ in bilateral MMD Yoshimoto et al….
Fig. 2.1 Sample sleep logs. Sleep logs showing sleep-wake routines for Hannah. Note the feeling of daytime tiredness on school days ceases during winter break when a liberal sleep schedule…
Sleep disorder Treatment optionsa Insomnia [37] Primary Sleep hygiene, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), +/− melatonin, hypnotics, acupuncture Secondary Due to PTSD Due to pain Due to depression SSRIs, psychology counsel,…
•Difficulties inducing sleep (12.7 %) •Early morning awakenings (11.2 %) •Daytime sleepiness (25 %) •Snoring (14.7–46 %) •Self-reported apneas (OR = 3.7) •Restless sleep (26 %) •Nocturnal awakenings (30 %)…
