RF for Treatments of Benign Lesions
Fig. 10.1 Osteoid osteoma of the pedicle of 8th thoracic vertebra Fig. 10.2 Guiding trocar is drilled inside the osteoid osteoma Fig. 10.3 RF probe is coaxially inserted to perform…
Discogenic Low Back Pain and Radicular Pain: Therapeutic Strategies and Role of Radio-Frequency Techniques
Fig. 9.1 Under anteroposterior (a) and lateral (b) fluoroscopic control, a 20-G RF needle with a 20-mm active tip is placed in the center of the intervertebral L4–L5 disc Fig….
Causes of Chronic Low Back Pain
Fig. 3.1 Some indirect sign of chronic spinal unit instability. Asymmetrical orientation of facet joint related to bone remodeling (a), fatty degeneration of the vertebral pedicles (b), abnormal paravertebral muscles…
Sleep Disorders in Children: Simple Sleep-Related Movement Disorders
1. A description of the symptoms should be provided in the child’s own words 2. Periodic limb movement disorder may develop before symptoms of RLS 3. The interviewer must be…
Algorithm for Differential Diagnosis of Sleep Disorders in Children
Fig. 7.1 Bedtime. Complaint: problems going to bed/problems falling to sleep Parent or caretaker reports the child has one or more of the following symptoms: Difficulty falling to sleep. Difficulty…
New Directions in the Link Between Technology Use and Sleep in Young People
Fig. 4.1 Heath and colleagues [24] comparison of bright iPad screenlight (left) vs screen filtering short-wavelength light using the f.lux app (right; stereopsis.com) Taken together, the abovementioned studies suggest that…
Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children: A Short Primer
AAP guidelines ERS guidelines In a child who snores and has signs or symptoms of OSA, clinicians should perform a more focused evaluation Step 1,2,3 – identification of a child…
Circadian Rhythm Disorders in Childhood
Time of administration in children If used as chronobiotic, administer 2–3 h before dim light melatonin onset or administer melatonin 3–4 h before actual sleep-onset time Dosage Start with a…
Sleep Structure and Scoring from Infancy to Adolescence
Fig. 6.1 Quiet sleep and active sleep in a 3-month-old infant Indeterminate sleep is the period of sleep that cannot be polysomnographically defined as either active or quiet sleep by…
The Discovery of Pediatric Sleep Medicine
Fig. 2.1 Number of publications for each decade in PubMed with search word “sleep” limited to humans and all children (0–18 years) In Fig. 2.2 the total number of publications…
