Spinal Vascular Anatomy
(1) Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Oxford University, Oxford, UK Preamble The spinal blood supply is based on multiple arterial pedicles since the primitive spine develops from somites arranged…
Vein of Galen and Non-Galenic Cerebral Arteriovenous Fistulas
(1) Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Oxford University, Oxford, UK Preamble The subjects of this tutorial are important as they introduce the student to direct arteriovenous fistulas of the…
Endovascular Management of Carotid Cavernous Fistulas
(1) Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Oxford University, Oxford, UK Preamble In the past, students would confuse this condition with dural arteriovenous fistulas of the cavernous sinus. Happily that…
Spinal Vascular Malformations
(1) Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Oxford University, Oxford, UK Preamble If one reviews the history and the various descriptions that have been used to classify spinal vascular malformation,…
Re-establishing Blood Flow After Intravascular Thrombosis
(1) Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Oxford University, Oxford, UK Preamble As the reader may guess from the title of this tutorial, its focus is the management of ischaemic…
Embolisation for Epistaxis
(1) Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Oxford University, Oxford, UK Preamble This tutorial is an example of the use of embolisation in a particular (and relatively easily defined) medical…
Complications
(1) Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Oxford University, Oxford, UK Preamble Out of a clear blue sky, when least expected, they come. You set sentries against them and do…
Control of Intravascular Thrombosis
(1) Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Oxford University, Oxford, UK Preamble This tutorial, as Chap. 5, has been written by a specialist tutor. In this case, Dr. Paul Giangrande…
RF for Treatments of Malignant Lesions
11.1 Introduction About 1.4 million patients are diagnosed with cancer annually in the USA alone, 70 % of whom will eventually develop bone metastasis [1]. The spine is the…
Principle of RF in Medicine
Fig. 2.1 The electromagnetic spectrum is a continuous wave spectrum including energy forces with common characteristics differing however in terms of frequency Radiofrequency energy is characterized by a frequency between…
