Intravenous Thrombolysis and Anti-thrombotics
Fig. 3.1 Multimodal CT imaging of acute ischemic stroke patient presenting at 4 h of symptom onset, baseline non-contrast CT scan shows early changes of ischemia in the left insula…
Secondary Prevention After Cardioembolic Stroke
Fig. 12.1 Valve prostheses. Different prosthetic heart valves. Bioprosthetic valve (top left). Prosthetic bileaflet (top middle and bottom left). Ball in cage prosthesis (middle right). Annuloplasty ring (bottom right). By…
Stroke Centers and Related Aspects of Stroke Systems
Element/stroke center type Acute stroke ready Primary stroke center Comprehensive stroke centers Setting Rural/small urban Suburban, urban Large urban Size (beds) <100 100–500 >500 Stroke patient volume (year) 20–70 100–600…
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Fig. 23.1 Basic principles of transcranial magnetic stimulation. The magnetic coil, represented as a figure-of-eight device, is placed on top of the cerebral cortex and pulses a magnetic field that…
Secondary Prevention After Symptomatic Large Artery Extracranial Disease
Study name n n Results CEA Medical (a) Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in symptomatic patients Shaw et al. 1984 [116] 20 21 Early death, stroke, TIA (within 1 month): 45 %…
Virtual Reality in Stroke Rehabilitation
Time consuming Modest effect (e.g., initially not appreciated by stroke survivors) Resource and therapy intensive Limited compliance/adherence Transportation to a rehabilitation facility Availability Coverage vs. out-of-pocket costs Wolters Kluwer Health,…
Botulinum Toxin for Post-stroke Limb Spasticity
Fig. 19.1 An acute ischemic infarct with left Pons Her initial stroke presentation was dense right hemiparesis, including face, arm, and leg, as well as dysarthria. The etiology of stroke…
Hemicraniectomy
Fig. 5.1 CT of the brain demonstrating significant mass effect and right-to-left midline shift from a completed right middle cerebral artery territory infarct Despite maximal medical therapy, the patient progressively…
Supportive Care and Management of Inhospital Complications
Fig. 6.1 Non-contrast CT scan of the brain showing a large right middle cerebral artery territory infarction in a 38-year-old man with atrial fibrillation both before (left) and after (right)…
Role of Registries and Community Models in Developed Countries
Country Funding and organizational governance Target population (patients and hospitals), case ascertainment Number of centers and patients Outcomes Registry Time period Sweden The National Quality Register for Stroke Care in…
