Ependymal Tumors
Ependymal Tumors Main Text Preamble Overall, ependymomas represent 2-3% of all primary CNS neoplasms. Approximately 30% affect children and adolescents, although ependymal neoplasms occur at all ages, encompass multiple tumor…
Secondary Effects and Sequelae of CNS Trauma
Secondary Effects and Sequelae of CNS Trauma Main Text Preamble Traumatic brain injury is not a single “one and done” event. A veritable “cascade” of adverse pathophysiologic events continues to…
Embryonal Tumors
Embryonal Tumors Main Text Preamble The rapidly evolving molecular classification of brain tumors has fundamentally changed the understanding of embryonal neoplasms. In the 2021 WHO schema, the classification of the…
Commissural and Cortical Maldevelopment
Commissural and Cortical Maldevelopment Main Text Preamble Corpus callosum dysgenesis and malformations of cortical development are two of the most important congenital brain anomalies. Anomalies of the cerebral commissures are…
Vascular Neurocutaneous Syndromes
Vascular Neurocutaneous Syndromes Main Text Preamble A number of syndromes with prominent cutaneous manifestations occur without associated neoplasms and can be inherited or occur spontaneously. Many of these are disorders…
Metastases and Paraneoplastic Syndromes
Metastases and Paraneoplastic Syndromes Main Text Preamble Brain metastases are the most common type of intracranial neoplasm in adults. Between 20-45% of all patients with advanced cancers (particularly lung and…
Spontaneous Parenchymal Hemorrhage
Spontaneous Parenchymal Hemorrhage Main Text Preamble Intracranial hemorrhage is not a single entity but results from a range of vascular pathologies that differ in implications for prognosis and treatment. In…
Pineal and Germ Cell Tumors
Pineal and Germ Cell Tumors Main Text Preamble The region in and around the pineal gland is one of the most anatomically complex intracranial sites. There are many critical structures…
Cranial Nerve Tumors
Cranial Nerve Tumors Main Text Preamble Nerve sheath tumors occur throughout the CNS either sporadically (discussed here) or as part of tumor predisposition syndromes, such as neurofibromatosis types 1 and…
Circumscribed Astrocytic Gliomas
Circumscribed Astrocytic Gliomas Main Text Preamble In the 2021 5th edition WHO, circumscribed astrocytic gliomas are a separate group within gliomas, glioneuronal and neuronal tumors. Circumscribed Astrocytomas Preamble Six neoplasms…
