Several other clinical conditions characterized by congenital failure of fusion of the midline structures of the spinal column are grouped under the general classification of spinal dysraphism. These various manifestations…
At this point, the fate of ectodermal cells, particularly that of the visibly thickened sheet of cells above the notochord called the neural plate, can be mapped fairly precisely. Stem…
The region of the neural tube posterior to the midbrain undergoes a dramatic series of morphogenetic changes that transform it into the rhombencephalon. The most noticeable event is the establishment…
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By embryonic day 21, the neural tube in the midsection of the embryo has closed; the neural folds fuse and the underlying neuroectoderm encloses a fluid-filled cavity that becomes the…
An encephalocele is a protrusion of a portion of the brain or meninges through a skull defect. Although an encephalocele usually occurs in the occipital region in patients from Europe…
Chapter 223 Management of Cervical Disc Herniation Dorsal Laminoforaminotomy plus Discectomy Saad B. Chaudhary, Andrew Utter, Edward C. Benzel Cervical spondylosis is one of the most common pathologies seen by…
Chapter 171 Imaging Trauma Blaine L. Hart, Reyaad A. Hayek Principles of Imaging Spine Trauma It is essential to view the entire cervical spine and the junction with the thoracic…
Chapter 172 Degenerative Disease and Infection Role of Imaging Manzoor Ahmed, Michael T. Modic Imaging affects the management of disorders of the spine in both critical and confounding ways. The…
Chapter 169 Surgical Incisions, Positioning, and Retraction Mehmet Zileli, Edward C. Benzel, Glenn R. Rechtine, II. A variety of ventral and dorsal incisions are used to gain access from the…
