14 Cervical Myelopathy: Meaning of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Signal Changes ISHAQ Y. SYED AND HOWARD S. AN Epidemiology Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is spinal cord dys-function caused by age-related degenerative…
29 Spine Infections: Medical versus Surgical Treatment Options ALEXANDER G. HADJIPAVLOU, PANAGIOTIS G. KOROVESSIS, AND KYRIAKOS N. KAKAVELAKIS Spinal infection encompasses several entities with characteristic presentations and clinical courses1; it…
30 Use of Prophylactic Antibiotics in Spine Surgery BRANDON G. ROCQUE AND DANIEL K. RESNICK Surgical site infections complicate ~1.1% of surgical procedures performed in the United States annually.1 Several…
13 Cervical Myelopathy: Timing of Surgery NANCY E. EPSTEIN When is cervical surgery for patients with cervical myelopathy “early/on time,” or “late/too late”? Evidence-based level I–III medical studies were utilized…
23 Bone Morphogenetic Protein in the Cervical Spine: Efficacy and Associated Risks CYRUS E. TAGHAVI AND JEFFREY C. WANG In July 2002, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved…
28 Bone Morphogenetic Protein in the Setting of Infection: Indications, Risks, and Efficacy R. TODD ALLEN AND STEVEN R. GARFIN The incidence of pyogenic spinal infection is increasing,1–6 occurring in…
20 Recurrent Lumbar Disk Herniation: Repeat Diskectomy versus Fusion CRISTIAN GRAGNANIELLO, IGOR DECASTRO, AND REMI NADER Lumbar diskectomy is the most commonly performed surgical procedure in the United States for…
22 Rigid versus Dynamic Cervical Plates: Indications and Efficacy PAUL E. KRAEMER AND RICK C. SASSO Over the course of 50 years of anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion (ACDF),1 graft-related…
25 Role of Lumbar Disk Replacement: Does It Avoid the Shortcomings of a Fusion? LOUIS G. JENIS The prevalence of lumbar disk degeneration is estimated to be present in 15…
