Status Epilepticus
5 Status Epilepticus Jan Claassen and Lawrence J. Hirsch Status epilepticus (SE) is a life-threatening medical and neurological emergency and requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. Every hour delay in treatment…
Brain Death and Organ Donation
14 Brain Death and Organ Donation Jennifer A. Frontera Brain death, which is equivalent to legal death, is defined as the irreversible loss of brain and brainstem function. There is…
Critical Illness Polyneuropathy and Myopathy
13 Critical Illness Polyneuropathy and Myopathy Valerie Dechant, Eduardo Adonias de Sousa, and Kiwon Lee Critically ill patients are at risk for developing severe weakness secondary to critical illness polyneuropathy…
Cerebral Sinus Thrombosis
7 Cerebral Sinus Thrombosis Isabel Fragata and Aman Patel Thrombosis of cerebral veins and dural sinuses is an uncommon clinical entity, representing less than 1% of all stroke cases in…
Guillain-Barré Syndrome
12 Guillain-Barré Syndrome Jennifer A. Frontera Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a heterogeneous group of immunemediated polyneuropathies with motor, sensory, and dysautonomic features. It is the most common cause of acute…
Prophylaxis
18 Prophylaxis Sherry Hsiang-Yi Chou Critically ill neurologic patients are at high risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE), nosocomial infection, gastric ulcer, and anemia. Prophylaxis can minimize the risk of these…
Adult Low-Grade Spondylolisthesis: Surgical Approach, Role of Fusion, Role of Instrumentation
17 Adult Low-Grade Spondylolisthesis: Surgical Approach, Role of Fusion, Role of Instrumentation E. RATCLIFFE ANDERSON III AND JEFFREY S. FISCHGRUND First described in 1782 by a Belgian obstetrician, Georges Herbineaux,…
Role of Cervical Disk Replacement: Does It Avoid the Shortcomings of a Fusion?
24 Role of Cervical Disk Replacement: Does It Avoid the Shortcomings of a Fusion? BRUCE V. DARDEN II Since its development in the 1950s, anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion (ACDF)…
Minimally Invasive Lumbar Fusion: Results and Complications Compared with Open Techniques
26 Minimally Invasive Lumbar Fusion: Results and Complications Compared with Open Techniques YOUSSEF R. KARAM AND RICHARD G. FESSLER Lumbar spine fusions have been performed for ~100 years as a…
Vertebral Compression Fractures: Percutaneous Vertebral Augmentation
9 Vertebral Compression Fractures: Percutaneous Vertebral Augmentation JASON C. ECK Osteoporosis leads to ~700,000 new vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) annually in the United States.1,2 It has been estimated that 26%…
