Atlas Section
10.1055/b-0039-167999 9 Lumbar Injection Therapy Pain in the lumbar spine primarily arises in the two inferior lumbar vertebral motor segments, i.e., L4/L5 and L5/S1. One reason why the most marked…
5 Skull Base Craniotomies
10.1055/b-0039-169398 5 Skull Base Craniotomies 5.1 Frontal Craniotomies 5.1.1 BifrontalTorstein R. Meling and Marton König The bifrontal approach was first described by Horsley and Cushing. A bifrontal craniotomy can be…
Atlas Section
10.1055/b-0039-167997 7 Cervical Injection Therapy 7.1 Specialized Cervical Neuroanatomy Chronic cervical pain arises primarily in the lower cervical vertebral motor segments from C5 to T1. One reason for this is…
Atlas Section
10.1055/b-0039-167998 8 Thoracic Injection Therapy Acute and chronic pain in the thoracic spine plays only a minor role compared to that of the cervical and lumbar spine. This applies both…
4 Symptomatic Pain Therapy
10.1055/b-0039-167994 4 Symptomatic Pain Therapy 4.1 Introduction Symptomatic orthopedic pain therapy concentrates on nociception in bones, muscles, tendons, and joints after the pain stimulus has already acted on the body….
2 Diagnostics
10.1055/b-0039-167992 2 Diagnostics 2.1 Medical History Taking a precise medical history is important in the diagnosis of orthopedic pain. Acute pain originating from the musculoskeletal system demonstrates certain characteristics: It…
1 Basic Principles
10.1055/b-0039-167991 1 Basic Principles 1.1 Orthopedic Pain Management Note Orthopedics is the branch of medicine concerned with conditions involving the musculoskeletal system. As such, it deals with the diseases and…
Atlas Section
10.1055/b-0039-168002 12 Summary Schematic summary of injection techniques (Fig. 12‑1, Fig. 12‑2, Fig. 12‑3, Fig. 12‑4, Fig. 12‑5, Fig. 12‑6, Fig. 12‑7, Fig. 12‑8, Fig. 12‑9, Fig. 12‑10, Fig. 12‑11,…
5 The Spine: Anatomy, Nociception, and the Distribution of Pain Signals
10.1055/b-0039-167995 5 The Spine: Anatomy, Nociception, and the Distribution of Pain Signals 5.1 Terminology The most common forms of acute and chronic pain originating from the spine arise from degenerative…
10 General and Specific Complications and Treatment Measures
10.1055/b-0039-168000 10 General and Specific Complications and Treatment Measures 10.1 Vasovagal Syncope Vasovagal syncope and orthostatic collapse are associated mainly with a drop in blood pressure, tinnitus, pallor, nausea, and,…
