11 Multimodal Spinal Therapy
10.1055/b-0039-168001 11 Multimodal Spinal Therapy The spectrum of treatment for back and neck pain ranges from the simple application of heat and administration of analgesics at one extreme to open…
6 Special Orthopedic Injection Therapy: Contraindications and Patient Information
10.1055/b-0039-167996 6 Special Orthopedic Injection Therapy: Contraindications and Patient Information 6.1 Contraindications As with all local injections, inflammatory bacterial changes around the injection site (e.g., infected sebaceous glands) and open…
3 Causal Orthopedic Pain Therapy
10.1055/b-0039-167993 3 Causal Orthopedic Pain Therapy The methods used in the causal treatment of spinal pain are basically the same as those used in conservative orthopedic treatment, but with a…
6 Skull Base Extensions
10.1055/b-0039-169399 6 Skull Base Extensions 6.1 Orbitozygomatic CraniotomyAndreas Raabe See ▶Fig. 6.1. Fig. 6.1 (a, b) Principle of the approach. The orbitozygomatic (OZ) approach is performed when the angle of…
4 Midline Craniotomies
10.1055/b-0039-169397 4 Midline CraniotomiesUlrich Sure and Philipp Dammann See ▶Fig. 4.1. Fig. 4.1 Overview. Depending on the brain regions the surgeon wishes to access via a midline approach, the positioning…
7 Transsphenoidal Approach
10.1055/b-0039-169400 7 Transsphenoidal Approach 7.1 Microsurgical Endonasal ApproachChristian F. Freyschlag and Claudius Thomé Introduction Modern pituitary surgery using a transsphenoidal approach is relatively noninvasive, as it utilizes the nasal passages…
2 Landmarks
10.1055/b-0039-169395 2 Landmarks 2.1 Schematic Cortical AnatomyAndreas Raabe and Peter A. Winkler Lateral Surface The anatomy of the surface of the brain is complex, highly variable, and difficult to identify…
3 Convexity Craniotomies
10.1055/b-0039-169396 3 Convexity Craniotomies 3.1 Convexity Craniotomy PlanningAndreas Raabe and Jens Fichtner Inside-out Planning Planning of a convexity craniotomy is performed in the opposite direction to the surgery. Whereas the…
9 Approaches to the Orbita
10.1055/b-0039-169402 9 Approaches to the Orbita 9.1 Frontolateral Approach to the OrbitTorstein R. Meling A frontolateral craniotomy can be combined with a superior orbitotomy to give wide superior and lateral…
