Stroke in the Newborn
Abstract Perinatal stroke has become increasingly recognized with the increased application of neuroimaging for neonatal seizures and encephalopathy. The frequency of perinatal stroke is estimated at 1 in 5000 births….
Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita
Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita refers to a syndrome, apparent at birth, characterized by fixed positions of multiple joints and an associated limitation of movement. The term arthrogryposis is derived from the…
Cerebellar Development
Abstract Cerebellar development is protracted, lasting from the fifth week of gestation until several years after birth; this exposes the cerebellum to a prolonged risk of developmental disturbance. Understanding the…
Encephalopathy of Prematurity: Clinical-Neurological Features, Diagnosis, Imaging, Prognosis, Therapy
Abstract Encephalopathy of prematurity (EOP) is a histologically defined condition common in preterm infants characterized by cerebral white matter injury/periventricular leukomalacia with a variety of associated neuronal/axonal deficits. The fetal/maternal…
Encephalopathy of Prematurity: Neuropathology
Abstract The major neuropathological substrate of human preterm brain injury is the encephalopathy of prematurity, a term coined to characterize the multifaceted gray and white matter lesions in the preterm…
Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury in the Term Infant: Neuropathology
Abstract Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury is a very important neurological problem of the perinatal period. This importance of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury relates to the general gravity of the lesions and to…
Encephalopathy of Prematurity: Pathophysiology
Abstract The neuropathology of the encephalopathy of prematurity (see Chapter 14 ) includes injury to cerebral white matter and, in a major proportion of infants, a variety of neuronal-axonal disturbances….
Neuronal Migration
Abstract As progenitor cells proliferate and differentiate into neurons and glia (see Chapter 5 ), these cells migrate to form the cerebral cortex in an elaborate and still not completely…
Neurological Examination: Normal and Abnormal Features
The neurological evaluation of the newborn comprises, as it does at other ages in pediatric medicine, the history, physical examination, and appropriate specialized studies. Appropriate neurodevelopmental follow-up is the critical…
Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury in the Term Infant: Pathophysiology
Abstract This chapter addresses the pathophysiology of hypoxic-ischemic injury. The neuropathology of this injury includes three principal lesions: selective neuronal necrosis, parasagittal cerebral injury, and cerebral white matter injury. Several…
