Principles and Anatomy in Endoscopic Endonasal Surgery
• There are many surgical variants of the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA), which can be used for management of lesions at the ventral skull base. • The main goal of…
Supraorbital Osteotomy: Eyelid and Eyebrow Incisions
Introduction The supraorbital approach gives access to several areas of the anterior and middle cranial fossa, sellar and parasellar region. It is a minimally invasive alternative to larger approaches such…
Retrosigmoid Versus Extended Retrosigmoid Approach
Preoperative Considerations • The standard retrosigmoid approach allows for expeditious access to the posterior fossa, specifically to the cerebellopontine angle (CPA). • The extended retrosigmoid approach includes the skeletonization of…
The Far Lateral Approach
Preoperative Considerations • The far lateral provides wide access to the dorsolateral compartment yet allowing exposure to the lateral aspect of the ventromedial compartment of the posterior fossa (270° visualization…
Subfrontal and Extended Subfrontal Craniotomy/Transbasal Approach
There are a variety of different techniques that can be used to surgically manage anterior skull base lesions. In this chapter we demonstrate the value of the standard and extended…
Pituitary Adenomas
Preoperative Considerations • Pituitary adenomas are the most prevalent intrasellar lesions and the third most prevalent primary intracranial tumors. These lesions can lead to significant neurologic and/or endocrine-related morbidity secondary…
Endoscopic Approach to the Ventricles
Preoperative Considerations • Microscopic transcortical or transcallosal approaches may be associated with brain injury and/or retraction that can result in seizures, focal neurologic deficits and cognitive impairment. Endoscopic approaches for…
Orbitozygomatic Craniotomy
Indications and Contraindications • The addition of the orbitozygomatic (OZ) osteotomies to the fronto-temporosphenoidal craniotomy increases the surgeon’s workspace and minimizes the brain retraction required to reach deep-seated pathology. The…
Telovelar Approach
Indications • Indicated for lesions located within the fourth ventricle or brainstem that extend higher than the pontomedullary junction. The alternative approach has traditionally been the transvermian approach, where the…
Pterional Craniotomy
Indications • The pterional craniotomy and the transsylvian approach are the most used techniques in contemporary neurosurgery. • The pterional craniotomy allows exposure of the frontoparietal and temporal opercula together…
