Seizures and Epilepsy
Definitions and Epidemiology Print Section Listen A general simplified definition of a seizure is a sudden temporary change in brain function caused by an abnormal rhythmic electrical discharge. Epilepsy is,…
Febrile Seizures
Definitions and Epidemiology Print Section Listen Febrile seizures are convulsions induced by a fever in infants or young children. They are the most common type of seizure during childhood. While…
History and Examination
History Print Section Listen Children who present with neurological problems or developmental abnormalities on general physical examination should undergo a complete neurological assessment.1,2 Initially, as much information as possible from…
Mitochondrial Disorders
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Mitochondrial myopathies and neuropathies or neuromyopathies refer to a heterogeneous group of disorders caused by dysfunction of mitochondria.1–10 Mitochondrial disorders can be classified according to the…
Congenital Myopathies
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen The term “congenital myopathy” was originally used to describe a group of myopathic disorders presenting preferentially, but not exclusively, at birth and being morphologically distinct from…
Toxic Myopathies
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Many drugs can cause a myopathy.1–10 The pathophysiological mechanisms are diverse and, in many instances, unclear. Medications can have either a direct or an indirect adverse…
Inflammatory Myopathies
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen There are four major categories of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy: dermatomyositis (DM), polymyositis (PM), immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM), and inclusion body myositis (IBM), which are clinically, histologically,…
Focal Neuropathies of the Upper Extremities and Trunk: Radiculopathies, Brachial Plexopathies, and Mononeuropathies
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Numbness, pain, and/or weakness involving one or both arms are common reasons for referral to the neuromuscular clinician. These symptoms may be due to radiculopathy, brachial…
Other Disorders of Neuromuscular Transmission
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen This chapter describes the disorders of neuromuscular transmission (DNMT) other than myasthenia gravis (MG) (Table 26-1). The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a physiologically complex structure. Its…
