Paroxysmal Disorders
Paroxysmal Disorders: Introduction Print Section Listen Three of the most common neurological paroxysmal disorders in childhood are headache, sleep disorders, and epilepsy. As these subjects are examined thoroughly in other…
Learning and Language Disorders
Definitions and Epidemiology Print Section Listen Learning and language disorders are a heterogeneous group of neurobiological disorders involving impairments in the acquisition and/or use of spoken (oral) language, written language…
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Definition and Epidemiology Print Section Listen Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most frequently encountered disorders in pediatric and adolescent medical practice. ADHD is a complex developmental disorder of…
Seizures and Epilepsy
Definitions and Epidemiology Print Section Listen A general simplified definition of a seizure is a sudden temporary change in brain function caused by an abnormal rhythmic electrical discharge. Epilepsy is,…
Febrile Seizures
Definitions and Epidemiology Print Section Listen Febrile seizures are convulsions induced by a fever in infants or young children. They are the most common type of seizure during childhood. While…
History and Examination
History Print Section Listen Children who present with neurological problems or developmental abnormalities on general physical examination should undergo a complete neurological assessment.1,2 Initially, as much information as possible from…
Mitochondrial Disorders
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Mitochondrial myopathies and neuropathies or neuromyopathies refer to a heterogeneous group of disorders caused by dysfunction of mitochondria.1–10 Mitochondrial disorders can be classified according to the…
Congenital Myopathies
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen The term “congenital myopathy” was originally used to describe a group of myopathic disorders presenting preferentially, but not exclusively, at birth and being morphologically distinct from…
Toxic Myopathies
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Many drugs can cause a myopathy.1–10 The pathophysiological mechanisms are diverse and, in many instances, unclear. Medications can have either a direct or an indirect adverse…
