DISORDERS OF THE EYE
THE HUMAN VISUAL SYSTEM Print Section Listen The visual system provides a supremely efficient means for the rapid assimilation of information from the environment to aid in the guidance of…
TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA, BELL’S PALSY, AND OTHER CRANIAL NERVE DISORDERS
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Symptoms and signs of cranial nerve pathology are common in internal medicine. They often develop in the context of a widespread neurologic disturbance, and in such…
PRION DISEASES
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Prions are proteins that adopt an alternative conformation, which becomes self-propagating. Some prions cause degeneration of the central nervous system (CNS). Once relegated to causing a…
NEUROLOGIC CRITICAL CARE, INCLUDING HYPOXIC-ISCHEMIC ENCEPHALOPATHY, AND SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Life-threatening neurologic illness may be caused by a primary disorder affecting any region of the neuraxis or may occur as a consequence of a systemic disorder…
DISORDERS OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen The autonomic nervous system (ANS) innervates the entire neuraxis and influences all organ systems. It regulates blood pressure (BP), heart rate, sleep, and bladder and bowel…
AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS AND OTHER MOTOR NEURON DISEASES
AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS Print Section Listen Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common form of progressive motor neuron disease. It is a prime example of a neurodegenerative disease and…
CLASSIFICATION OF THE SPINOCEREBELLAR ATAXIAS
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Ataxias with autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked, or mitochondrial forms of inheritance are present on a worldwide basis. Machado-Joseph disease (SCA3) (autosomal dominant) and Friedreich’s ataxia…
ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE AND OTHER DEMENTIAS
ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE Print Section Listen Approximately 10% of all persons over the age of 70 years have significant memory loss, and in more than half, the cause is Alzheimer’s disease…
DISORDERS OF HEARING
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Hearing loss is one of the most common sensory disorders in humans and can present at any age. Nearly 10% of the adult population has some…
DISORDERS OF SMELL AND TASTE
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen All environmental chemicals necessary for life enter the body by the nose and mouth. The senses of smell (olfaction) and taste (gustation) monitor such chemicals, determine…
