Meningomyelocele
Meningomyelocele Determination of Level Determining the level of neurologic involvement in meningomyelocele is crucial. It permits the evaluation of the following five major functional criteria: Determination of the extent of…
Evaluation of Nerve Root Lesions Involving the Trunk and Lower Extremity
Evaluation of Nerve Root Lesions Involving the Trunk and Lower Extremity Manifestations of pathology involving the spinal cord and cauda equina, such as herniated disks, tumors, or avulsed nerve roots,…
Cervical Cord Lesions: Tetraplegia
Cervical Cord Lesions: Tetraplegia Tetraplegia, or quadriplegia as it is more commonly known, means paralysis involving all four extremities. The lesion that causes such paralysis occurs in the cervical spine….
Evaluation of Nerve Root Lesions Involving the Upper Extremity
Evaluation of Nerve Root Lesions Involving the Upper Extremity Examination by neurologic level is based on the fact that the effects of pathology in the cervical spine are frequently manifested…
Spinal Cord Lesions Below T1, Including the Cauda Equina
Spinal Cord Lesions Below T1, Including the Cauda Equina Paraplegia Paraplegia is the complete or partial paralysis of the lower extremities and lower portion of the body. It is most…
General Approach and Differential Diagnosis
General Approach and Differential Diagnosis Clinical and Neuroimaging Variables The interpretation of routine H&E-stained sections and immunohistochemistry from CNS lesions can be difficult and risky when performed outside of the…
Intraoperative Consultation
Intraoperative Consultation Intraoperative neuropathology consultation can be a significant source of anxiety to the general surgical pathologist who covers only an occasional neurosurgical specimen, particularly early in one’s career. It…
Metastases
Metastases Clinical Context Metastases are the most common tumors in the central nervous system (CNS), accounting for more lesions than all primary tumors combined (1), and affecting just over half…
Select Tumors of Indeterminate or Mesenchymal Differentiation
Select Tumors of Indeterminate or Mesenchymal Differentiation Hemangioblastoma (Who Grade I) Clinical Context Hemangioblastomas are among the small group of central nervous system (CNS) tumors that often occur in the…
Hematolymphoid Neoplasms
Hematolymphoid Neoplasms Primary CNS Lymphoma Although primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) technically includes any lymphocytic neoplasms restricted to the central nervous system (CNS), the term is usually understood to…
