Ependymal Tumors General Ependymomas are glial tumors that display morphologic, immunophenotypic, and ultrastructural similarities to the ependymal cells lining the cerebral ventricular system. As a group, ependymomas have recently undergone…
Diffuse Gliomas The WHO classification of brain tumors has undergone great change in the 2016 update to the 4th edition with regard to the diffuse, or infiltrating, gliomas (1). The…
Other Astrocytomas Pilocytic Astrocytoma (WHO Grade I) Clinical Context General Pilocytic astrocytomas are the most common primary CNS neoplasms in childhood, accounting for about 17% of all such lesions (1)….
Inflammatory and Infectious Lesions Demyelinating Lesions Clinical Context The etiologies and patient characteristics associated with demyelinating lesions vary considerably. Most frequently encountered is the enigmatic autoimmune process of multiple sclerosis,…
Benign Cysts and Selected Developmental Anomalies Benign Endodermal Cysts (Rathke Cleft, Colloid, Enterogenous, Neurenteric, and Neuroepithelial Cysts) General Endodermal cysts are benign developmental lesions that contain epithelia resembling those derived…
Recording Artifacts and Solving Technical Problems with Polysomnography Technology James D. Geyer, MD Paul R. Carney, MD Artifacts in Polysomnography Recordings Loose Electrode Description: High-frequency noise superimposed on high-amplitude slow…
Technical Background James D. Geyer, MD Paul R. Carney, MD Introduction Polysomnography is the recording of multiple physiologic functions during sleep. Standard polysomnography usually includes the following variables: Electroencephalogram (EEG)…
Home Sleep Apnea Monitoring James D. Geyer, MD Paul R. Carney, MD FIGURE 12-1 HSAT: Standard montage; 30 second page. Clinical: 36-year-old overweight man with daytime sleepiness. Respiratory: Normal respirations…
Actigraphy James D. Geyer, MD Paul R. Carney, MD FIGURE 11-1 Actigraphy in a normal subject. Related posts: Limb Movement Disorders Breathing Disorders Parasomnias Calibrations Home Sleep Apnea Monitoring Technical…
Calibrations James D. Geyer, MD Paul R. Carney, MD FIGURE 10-1 Machine calibrations. FIGURE 10-2 Breath hold. FIGURE 10-3 Grit teeth. Related posts: Limb Movement Disorders Breathing Disorders Parasomnias Actigraphy…
