A Neural Prosthesis for Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Abstract Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is generated by a collapse of the soft tissue and tongue in the oropharynx that can block the airway passages during sleep and affects nearly…
Restoration of Bladder and Bowel Control After Spinal Cord Injury
Abstract Bladder and bowel emptying can be restored after suprasacral spinal cord injury by stimulating parasympathetic nerves to produce contraction of these organs. This greatly reduces urinary tract infection, catheterization,…
Sacral Nerve Neuromodulation
Abstract This chapter discusses sacral nerve neuromodulation (SNM), indications, mechanism of action, procedure, outcome, and possible complications. SNM with InterStim therapy is reversible, effective, and safe with no major complication….
Intestinal Electrical Stimulation : Methodologies, Effects, Mechanisms, and Applications
Abstract This chapter provides a systematic review on intestinal electrical stimulation. First, intestinal motility and intestinal myoelectrical activity are introduced. Abnormalities in intestinal motility and intestinal electrophysiology in various clinical…
Baroreceptor Activation for Hypertension and Heart Failure
Abstract The rising incidence of hypertension and the increasing prevalence of treatment-resistant hypertension carry significant societal impact from a public health perspective. Nonpharmacologic adjuncts to the treatment of hypertension are…
Transvenous Phrenic Nerve Stimulation for Central Sleep Apnea
Abstract Central sleep apnea (CSA) is highly prevalent, especially in patients with cardiovascular and neurological disorders. It has important detrimental effects on sleep quality and oxygenation, resulting in daytime sleepiness…
Neuromodulation for Refractory Angina and Heart Failure
Abstract Neuromodulation techniques have been used since the 1980s for treatment of refractory angina pectoris. In refractory angina (RA), pain relief is due to an antiischemic effect. There is strong…
Upper Airway Neurostimulation to Treat Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Abstract Upper airway neurostimulation of the hypoglossal nerve (Cranial Nerve XII) is a newly available therapy for a select group of patients suffering from moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea…
Neural Control of the Gastrointestinal System
Abstract In communication between the central nervous system (CNS), autonomic nervous system (ANS), and the enteric nervous system (ENS), sensory afferent fibers relay information pertaining to varying conditions, while efferent…
Spinal Cord Stimulation for Chronic Abdominal Pain
Abstract In the United States alone, between 20% and 45% of population will suffer from chronic visceral pain during their lifetime. Fewer than 50%–70% of the patients will have a…
