Abstract This book chapter gives an overview of noninvasive brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) that replace, restore, enhance, supplement, or improve human functions. Each of the sections in the chapter is dedicated…
Abstract Persons with movement and communication impairment due to neurological injury can have function restored through brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) combined with appropriate prosthetic end effectors. Invasive BCIs record cortical activity…
Abstract The development of a stable intracortical recording electrode has tremendous implications for the rapidly expanding field of neuroprosthetics and, more broadly, brain–machine interfaces (BMIs). A variety of microelectrode designs…
Abstract Implanted brain–computer interfaces (iBCIs) have made impressive advances since the first human proof-of-concept demonstrations. Humans with long-standing paralysis have been able to communicate by typing at productive rates and…
Abstract This chapter focuses on neuromodulation systems that leverage feedback control to adjust stimulation properties automatically. Most current neuromodulation systems provide open-loop stimulation, wherein stimulation parameters are static and unaffected…
Abstract Implantable neurostimulators are the tools used by clinicians to execute the various and diverse neuromodulation therapies. Just as it is important for the engineers developing these stimulators to understand…
Abstract The electrode for the neural interface is the place where the independent systems of engineering and biology interact electrically for communication. It is a unidirectional or bidirectional channel through…
Abstract The dorsal root ganglion (DRG) is a unique neural structure in the nervous system as it not only houses the somata of the primary sensory neurons (PSNs) but also…
Abstract Deep brain stimulation (DBS) was first used to treat essential tremor and the movement disorders associated with Parkinson disease. Its success led to its consideration as treatment for a…
Abstract There has been a steady increase in the amount of published data on the mechanism of action (MOA) of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) in the past 2 decades, but…
