The central nervous system (CNS) has evolved as an immune-privileged site to protect its vital functions from damaging immune-mediated inflammation. There must be a CNS-adapted system of surveillance that continuously…
Abnormalities of cellular immunity are commonly seen in patients with glioblastoma (GBM), and the subsequent relative immunosuppression likely contributes to poor tumor-specific responses in affected individuals. Endogenous immune regulation is…
Even though the central nervous system (CNS) was conventionally defined as “immunologically privileged”, new discoveries have demonstrated the role of the immune system in neurologic disease and illness, including gliomas….
The most common primary brain neoplasm is glioblastoma multiforme, which is associated with a dismal prognosis. Despite the recommended treatment regimen of aggressive surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy, the median…
Subarachnoid hemorrhage from the rupture of a saccular aneurysm is a devastating neurological disease that has a high morbidity and mortality not only from the initial hemorrhage, but also from…
Morbidity and mortality of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is significantly related to the development of chronic cerebral vasospasm. Despite extensive clinical and experimental research, the pathophysiology of the…
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a devastating condition, requiring prompt diagnosis and therapeutic intervention as well as close monitoring for the development of complications including vasospasm (VS). Although digital subtraction…
Vasospasm is a major cause of morbidity and mortality following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. This article reviews the risk factors for vasospasm; the various methods for diagnosing vasospasm including the conventional…
Cerebral salt wasting (CSW) is a syndrome of hypovolemic hyponatremia caused by natriuresis and diuresis. The mechanisms underlying CSW have not been precisely delineated, although existing evidence strongly implicates abnormal…
The prevention and management of medical complications are important for improving outcomes after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Fever, anemia requiring transfusion, hyperglycemia, hyponatremia, pneumonia, hypertension, and neurogenic cardiopulmonary dysfunction occur frequently…
