Psychotic Disorders Ewald Horwath Francine Cournos The association between psychotic disorders and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is complex. Psychotic disorders may precede HIV infection, a common etiologic factor may…
Cognitive Disorders Angela M. McBride Francisco Fernandez Cognitive difficulties and complaints are common in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. Symptomatic individuals with HIV infection have been shown to experience greater…
Personality Disorders Khenu Singh Herbert Ochitill Personality is a complex matter, and there is no consensus on how to define it, even in its maladaptive and disordered forms. One thing…
Mood Disorders Pedro Ruiz Mood disorders are very common; depression constitutes the second most frequently observed illness worldwide. In the United States, depression is observed in about 5.8% of the…
Anxiety Disorders Annette M. Matthews Manuel Trujillo Estimated rates of lifetime and current anxiety disorder and specific types of anxiety disorders in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive population are highly…
Stress-Distress Spectrum and Adjustment Disorders Dimitri D. Markov Elisabeth J. S. Kunkel Howard Field To the confusion of readers, the term stress has been used to describe environmental stressors as…
Psychological Reactions Vicenzio Holder Perkins Jeffrey S. Akman Over the past two decades, the medical and psychosocial needs of people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have changed considerably. The…
Electrophysiology and Brain Mapping Harold W. Goforth Lukasz M. Konopka Electrophysiologic diagnostic testing can play a substantial role in the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related neurobehavioral disorders and can…
Psychological and Neuropsychological Testing Joel K. Levy One of the common complications of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection is neurocognitive impairment. This alteration of brain-behavior functioning may range from a…
Psychiatric Assessment María Fernanda Gómez Mary Alice O’Dowd Athorough psychiatric evaluation is the cornerstone of diagnosis and treatment. Despite the popularity of “check list” evaluations that meet the requirements of…
