Head Injury
Head Injury Focus of chapter is on craniocerebral trauma, also referred to as traumatic brain injury (TBI). Epidemiology 2 million patients annually in the United States. 200,000/year die or permanently…
Spinal Tumors
Spinal Tumors Cell types similar to intracranial tumors. Arise from cord parenchyma, nerve roots, meninges, intraspinal blood vessels, sympathetic nerves, vertebrae. Intramedullary (10%), extramedullary (90%; intradural or extradural). Intramedullary more…
Metastatic Tumors
Metastatic Tumors Epidemiology Eight times more common than primary brain tumors. 25% of all patients with systemic cancer have intracranial metastases (15% brain, 5% meninges, 5% dura; Table 62.1). Brain…
Vascular Tumors and Malformations
Vascular Tumors and Malformations Vascular Malformations Most probably congenital, though may enlarge progressively. Some arteriovenous fistulas acquired, follow trauma or arterial or venous occlusion. Arteriovenous Malformations (AVMs) Affect brain more…
Congenital and Childhood CNS Tumors
Congenital and Childhood CNS Tumors Epidemiology Primary CNS tumors: 20% of all childhood cancers, second only to leukemia. Incidence 2.8 per 100,000 under 15 years. Relative frequency: see Table 60.1….
Pituitary Tumors
Pituitary Tumors Most are pituitary adenomas. Often asymptomatic. Peak ages 20 to 40. Classification Secreting tumors: produce one or more anterior pituitary hormones; prolactinoma most common. Mixed secretory tumors: 10%…
Pineal Region Tumors
Pineal Region Tumors 1% of all intracranial tumors; wide variety of cell types. General Considerations Symptoms Mechanisms of symptoms: (a) increased intracranial pressure from hydrocephalus; (b) direct compression of brainstem,…
Tumors of the Meninges
Tumors of the Meninges General Considerations Meningiomas originate in arachnoid coverings of brain; 90% intracranial, 10% spinal. Comprise 20% of all intracranial tumors. M:F ratio 1:2. Peak age: 50 to…
