Dreaming in Neurological Disorders
Fig. 45.1 Combined facsimile of scans in nine cases with global cessation of dreaming caused by deep frontal lesions, illustrating the strong involvement of the white matter surrounding the frontal horns…
NEUROLOGY
Neurobiology of REM Sleep, NREM Sleep Homeostasis, and Gamma Band Oscillations
Fig. 5.1 Electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings of vigilance states (wake, NREM sleep, and REM sleep) in the rat and human. Wake in both species is characterized by cortical activation, of largely low-amplitude/fast-frequency…
Sleep Disturbances in General Medical Disorders
Congestive heart failure • Ischemic heart disease • Nocturnal angina • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease • Bronchial asthma, including nocturnal asthma • Peptic ulcer disease • Reflux esophagitis • Rheumatic…
Basic Circadian Timing and Sleep-Wake Regulation
Fig. 6.1 Efferent neural projections from the SCN to different brains regions and their involvement in the regulation of physiological functions. ARC arcuate nucleus; BNST bed nucleus of the stria terminalis;…
Nature, Evaluation, and Treatment of Insomnia
∙ The predominant complaint is a dissatisfaction with sleep quality or duration, associated with one or more of the following symptoms: 1. Difficulty initiating sleep 2. Difficulty maintaining sleep, characterized…
Sleep, Coma, Vegetative and Minimally Conscious States
Fig. 43.1 The two main components of consciousness: wakefulness and awareness. In most pathological and physiological states, the two components are linearly correlated along the spectrum of consciousness. In some cases,…
Sleep in Extreme Environment
Fig. 58.1 Effects of microgravity on fluid redistribution of upper trunk and face in the first few days in space (From the Internet domain of nasa.gov website) 2. Low back…
Neurobiology of NREM Sleep and Thermoregulation in Sleep
Fig. 8.1 Diurnal rhythms of sleep and waking states (top) and body temperature (bottom) in a squirrel monkey entrained to a 12/12-hr light/dark cycle. A awake; T transitional sleep; S non-REM…
Fatigue in Clinical Practice
Patients choose a number from 1 to 7 that shows their degree of agreement with every statement, where 1 indicates strongly disagree and 7 indicates strongly agree • My motivation…
Maintenance of Wakefulness Test
Maintenance of wakefulness test Multiple sleep latency test Overnight polysomnogram required prior to test No Yes Recording montage EEG (C3-A2,C4-A1,01-A2,02-A1), EOG (left and right), EMG (submetal), EKG EEG (C3-A2,C4-A1,01-A2,02-A1),…
