Affected neuroreceptor—drug class Patient reports of nightmares and/or disturbed/abnormal dreaming Norepinephrine—beta blockers Atenolol CT [nightmares 3/20 patients] Bisoprolol CT [nightmares 3/68 patients] Labetalol CT [nightmares 5/175 patients] Oxprenolol CT [nightmares…
Physiologic causes Sleep deprivation and sleepiness related to lifestyle and irregular sleep–wake schedule Pathologic causes Primary sleep disorders Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome Central sleep apnea syndrome with or without Cheyne–Stokes…
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2017Sudhansu Chokroverty (ed.)Sleep Disorders Medicinehttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6578-6_1 1. Introduction to the Topic Clifford B. Saper1 (1) Department of Neurology, Program in Neuroscience, Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess…
Fig. 27.1 Illustration of blast mechanism from modern battlefield, e.g., IED (improvised explosive device). Vulnerable areas include cranium, face, neck, including vascular supply Fig. 27.2 3D CT scan demonstrating blast trauma to…
Fig. 19.1 Axial noncontrast head CT demonstrating a left parieto-occipital contrecoup contusion with surrounding hypodensity and subtle bifrontal hypodensities with 5 mm of left to right midline shift. There is a right…
Equation 2: Equation 3: DO2, oxygen delivery (mL/min); CBF, cerebral blood flow (mL/100 gm brain tissue/min) Hb, hemoglobin (g/dL); SaO2, oxygen saturation (%); PaO2, partial pressure of oxygen (mm Hg); CPP,…
Head injury: initial assessment and management for neurosurgical consultants Basic minimum acute data History • Time of injury • Mechanism –Kinematics; energy, speed, height –Struck head? • Best exam at scene –Loss of/level…
Fig. 11.1 Anatomy of the vertebral artery [modified from: Gray H, Lewis WH. Anatomy of the human body (20th ed). Philadelphia, PA: Lea & Febiger 1918] The VA is anatomically and…
New Orleans criteria The Canadian head CT rule Age > 60 Vomiting Headache Drug or alcohol intoxication Persistent anterograde amnesia Visible trauma above the clavicle Seizure High risk for neurosurgical intervention: Age > 65…
Burn size (TBSA) (%) Albumin dosea (mL*kg*TBSA) 30–49 0.3 50–69 0.4 70–100 0.5 aThis volume is given by continuous i.v. infusion over a 24 h period. TBSA total body surface area…
