Contrast Agents
Agent Chemical structure Anion Cation % Salt concentration % Iodine concentration Iodine mg/ml Viscosity 25 °C Viscosity 37 °C Osmolality mOsm/kg H2O Visipaque™ 270 (GE Healthcare) Iodixanol Nonionic Nonionic None 27 270…
NEUROLOGY
Venography and Intervention
© Springer International Publishing AG 2017Shah-Naz H Khan and Andrew J. RingerHandbook of Neuroendovascular Techniqueshttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52936-3_7 7. Venography and Intervention Shah-Naz H. Khan1, 2 and Andrew J. Ringer3 (1) Institute of General and Endovascular Neurosurgery (IGEN), Flint, MI, USA (2)…
Rehabilitation Following Peripheral Nerve Injury
To be evaluated Evaluation tools Objective measure Subjective measure Test Prognostic tool Rating scales Questionnaires Pain and cold sensitivity Rosén Score – a tool to assess functioning and pain of patients suffering…
Alternative Strategies for Nerve Reconstruction
Neurosensory recovery based upon Sunderland classification Need for surgery Sunderland Recovery pattern Rate of recovery I Complete Fast (days–weeks) None II Complete Slow (weeks) None III Variable Slow (weeks–months) Maybe…
Surgical Techniques in the Lesions of Peripheral Nerves
Fig. 5.1 The modern operating microscope with the optical beam splitter 5.2.2 The Retractor-Integrated Endoscope Minimally invasive surgical methods are becoming increasingly popular. Post-traumatic nerve lesions are frequently, if not…
State-of-the-Art Diagnosis of Peripheral Nerve Trauma: Clinical Examination, Electrodiagnostic, and Imaging
EMG finding Occurrence/cause Timing Normal Central nervous system lesion (e.g., intracranial hemorrhage) Always Not a severe nerve lesion Until the occurrence of pathological spontaneous activity Pathologic spontaneous activity Axonotmesis, neurotmesis,…
Timing and Decision-Making in Peripheral Nerve Trauma
Fig. 3.1 Algorithm of the diagnostic and therapeutic steps and treatment strategies for nerve injury The complex challenge of nerve repair and reconstruction, including additional steps that may become necessary,…
The Peripheral Nerve: Neuroanatomical Principles Before and After Injury
Fig. 1.1 Schematic diagram of a normal nerve (Illustration by Lena Julie Freund, Aachen, Germany) The first sensory neurons are situated in the dorsal root ganglia, which are located in…
Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering: An Outlook on Experimental Concepts
Fig. 10.1 The regeneration process occurring when a peripheral nerve gap has been bridged with a hollow nerve guidance channel can be divided into two main phases (a, b). (a)…
Conventional Strategies for Nerve Repair
Fig. 4.1 Intraoperative view of a gunshot injury to the sciatic nerve. (a) Scar tissue involving the nerve. (b) After external neurolysis the main trunk of the nerve as well…
