Fig. 20.1 (a) Full-length scoliosis AP x-ray revealing significant coronal (75°) and rotational deformity, along with rotatory subluxation at L3–L4 (yellow arrow). Lateral x-ray demonstrating loss of the normal lumbar…

Fig 32.1 Marking the safe entrance point at the lateral position under the CT scanner Illustrative Case 1 A 57 years old male presented with pain in the low back…

Fig. 11.1 Patient is positioned on a Jackson flat table, secured at multiple points with taping, with a large roll underlying the flank The skin is prepped and draped in…

Fig. 25.1 Preoperative radiographs. (a) AP, (b) lateral, (c) extension, and (d) flexion Fig. 25.2 Preoperative sagittal MRI Fig. 25.3 Postoperative radiographs. (a) AP, (b) lateral, (c) extension, and (d)…

Fig. 15.1 Artist’s depiction of the positioning of the patient in lateral decubitus, taping, and padding of contact surfaces NB: the chest is only taped after AP flouroscopy Fig. 15.2…

Fig. 14.1 Photograph showing the MaXcess® (NuVasive, Inc.) retractor with detachable handle, table mount, and anterior retractor Fig. 14.2 Intraoperative illustrations showing evoked-EMG stimulation in MaXcess off the posterior (center)…

Fig. 27.1 Pre- and postoperative 3 ft standing scoliosis X-rays demonstrating an adult deformity case with global sagittal imbalance and the application of ACR technique at L3/L4 level Fig. 27.2…

Fig. 31.1 Access through the concavity may have to be planned in regard to which discs are approached first. (a) The spine prior to interbody fusion; (b) accessing the most…

Fig. 19.1 Preoperative lateral x-ray in neutral position of a patient with grade I spondylolisthesis at L4–L5 Fig. 19.2 Preoperative lateral standing scoliosis x-ray of a patient with grade I…