Pathophysiology of Ischemic Stroke
Type of infarct Diagnosis Cerebral infarction If a CT scan performed within 28 days of symptom onset shows an area of low attenuation, no relevant abnormality or an area of…
NEUROLOGY
Refractory Occlusion to Stentriever Thrombectomy: Etiological Considerations and Suggested Solutions
Fig. 12.1 Schematic illustrations of (a) embolic occlusion and (b) in situ thrombo-occlusion due to intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis Fig. 12.2 A 56-year-old man presenting with NIHSS score of 15. (a)…
Surgical Embolectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke
Fig. 13.1 Intraoperative photographs showing embolic occlusion of the intracranial arteries. In Case 1, the occluded segment of the MCA is bluish and firm (a–c), whereas in Case 2, the…
Intravenous Thrombolytic Therapy
Fig. 7.1 Coagulation cascade. The coagulation cascade has two initial pathways that result in fibrin formation: the contact activation pathway (intrinsic pathway) and the tissue factor pathway (extrinsic pathway). Both…
Histologic Characteristics of Intracranial Clots Retrieved Using Mechanical Thrombectomy
Fig. 4.1 (a) Photograph shows multiple fragmented clots having a typical appearance of red clots retrieved from a patient with acute ischemic stroke. (b) Microscopic view of a retrieved clot…
Decompressive Hemicraniectomy for Malignant Hemispheric Infarction
Trial Nation Patientage (years) Surgical timing Patient no. (surgicalgroup, medical group) Publication DESTINY Germany 18–60 <36 h 17, 15 Stroke, 2007 DECIMAL France 18–55 <24 h 20, 18 Stroke, 2007…
History and Overview of Endovascular Stroke Therapy
Study Treatment modality Age criteria (years) Time window Territory NIHSS criteria Vascular imaging Other imaging Number of cases Mean age (years) NIHSS median, (range) or [IQR] Time onset to groin…
Bypass Surgery
Fig. 14.1 Surgical techniques of superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery bypass with encephalo-galeo-duro-synangiosis 14.5 Case Illustration A 23-year-old female presented with motor TIA. Angiography disclosed nearly total occlusion…
Cardiac Evaluation and Management After Ischemic Cerebral Stroke
Major source Minor source Atrial fibrillation Patent foramen ovale Rheumatic valve disease (mitral stenosis) Atrial septal defect Prosthetic valve Ventricular septal defect Infective endocarditis Calcified aortic stenosis Marantic endocarditis Mitral…
Acute Ischemic Stroke in Children
Cardiac disorders Congenital heart diseases, especially cyanotic or complex Endocarditis, aortic/mitral stenosis, cardiac arrhythmia Infections Meningitis, encephalitis, sinusitis, otitis media Vascular disorders/ Moyamoya disease, Takayasu disease, Kawasaki disease Vasculitis Fibromuscular…
