Basic Principles of rTMS in Aphasia Treatment After Stroke
Fig. 6.1 (a) (Aphasia score) Change in aphasia test scores pre and post sham or rTMS treatment. There is a significant larger change in global aphasia scores for the TMS…
NEUROLOGY
Clinical Applications of rTMS in Motor Rehabilitation After Stroke
Fig. 4.1 Hand motor cortex mapping before and after a series of contralesional M1 LF 1 Hz rTMS. S1 denotes primary somatosensory cortex. In this case of a 75-year-old female…
rTMS in Dysphagia After Stroke
Fig. 5.1 Evaluation tools for swallowing function. (a) Videofluoroscopy (VFS). Black arrow shows aspirated barium below the vocal cord and arrowhead shows residue in pyriform sinus. (b) Fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation…
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of rTMS-induced Neural Plasticity
Fig. 2.1 Cellular and molecular effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) relevant to neural plasticity. (a) Schematic illustrating the effects of rTMS on neural tissue. While experimental evidence has…
Therapeutic Applications of rTMS for Aphasia After Stroke
Fig. 7.1 rTMS targets employed in treatment studies of aphasia in the right and left inferior frontal and superior temporal gyri In addition to variability in the anatomic sites of…
Basic Principles of rTMS in Motor Recovery After Stroke
Fig. 3.1 Model of interhemispheric competition: In the healthy brain, interhemispheric inhibition (red arrows) is balanced between both M1 at rest, while unilateral movement is associated with a shift toward…
Cognitive and behavioral abnormalities of vascular cognitive impairment
Figure 19.1 Magnetic resonance T-weighted images of the patient described in Box 19.1, showing an infarct in left temporal area (A: first stroke), the other infarct in right frontal (B:…
CADASIL: a genetic model of arteriolar degeneration, white matter injury, and dementia in later life
Figure 20.1 Age of onset and progression of core clinical features of CADASIL. Migraine Migraine with aura is a common early symptom, affecting 40–60% of patients with CADASIL; the mean…
Autoimmune antibody-associated encephalopathy and dementia syndromes
Figure 22.1 Antibodies to intracellular and cell-membrane antigens in patients with limbic encephalitis. (A) Sagittal section of rat hippocampus immunolabeled with anti-Hu antibodies. (B, C) Consecutive sections of hippocampus immunolabeled…
Sleep issues in dementia
Figure 27.1 Overnight oximetry studies in three patients with suspected sleep disordered breathing. For each example, the top tracing shows the oxygen saturation readings associated with values on the left…
