Fig. 1 a Left Diagram showing the putative transmembrane topology of nAChR subunits. The extracellular amino terminal portion is followed by three hydrophobic transmembrane domains (M1–M3), a large intracellular loop, and…
Fig. 1 Schematic overview of imputation. Imputation allows us to predict (‘impute’) genotypes which have not been directly genotyped on a microarray. In order to do so, microarray data is matched…
Fig. 1 Ventral hippocampal infusions of methyllycaconitine and dihydro-β-erythoidine to block α7 and α4β2 nicotinic receptors, effects on working memory errors in the 16-arm radial maze in rats (Levin et al….
Factor Summary of Evidence Base Future Research Questions Negative Reinforcement Smoking abstinence results in decrements in executive function that interfere with daily function and as such may be aversive. These…
Franklin T, Wang Z, Suh JJ, Hazan R, Cruz J, Li Y, Goldman M, Detre JA, O’Brien CP, Childress AR (2011) Effects of varenicline on smoking cue-triggered neural and craving…
Heishman SJ, Kleykamp BA, Singleton EG (2010) Meta-analysis of the acute effects of nicotine and smoking on human performance. Psychopharmacology 210:453–469PubMedCentralPubMed Hong LE, Schroeder M, Ross TJ, Buchholz B, Salmeron…
Fig. 1 Main hepatic pathways of nicotine metabolism Table 1 CYP2A6 gene variant frequencies and associated changes in enzyme function across different ethnic groups. Alleles included have a frequency >1 % in one…
Levin ED, Bradley A, Addy N, Sigurani N (2002) Hippocampal alpha 7 and alpha 4 beta 2 nicotinic receptors and working memory. Neuroscience 109:757–765PubMed Levin ED, Sledge D, Baruah A,…
Fig. 1 Neurobiological processes that facilitate the consolidation of memory . A learning experience simultaneously activates time-sensitive storage systems in several brain regions and, particularly if the experience is an emotionally…
Fig. 1 a Twenty four hour EEG power spectra in NREM sleep, REM sleep and waking in one representative adult male rat (Wistar Kyoto strain). b EEG signals and corresponding cortical…
