Fig. 5.1 Angle and angle velocity of human hip, knee and ankle in treadmill walking. Hip ankle is calculated between the seventh spine bone, trochanter major and a assumed rotational…

Fig. 14.1 MIT Manus, one of the earliest robotic upper limb rehabilitation systems (Figure reproduced from [35] under the Creative Commons Attribution License) One of the earliest robotic upper limb…

Fig. 10.1 Gait Robot G-EO System (Reha Technology AG [19]) (Published with permission from Reha Technology AG) The Pelvic Assist Manipulator (PAM) developed at the University of California at Irvine…

Fig. 3.1 Intrinsic stiffness of muscles and joints. (a) Short-range stiffness (SRS) for the plantaris muscle of the feline cat limb. Circles show experimental data from a single animal. Solid…

Fig. 8.1 Retinotopic (a) and somatotopic (b) receptive fields. (a). Responses of an idealized neuron encoding the locations of visual stimuli in retinotopic coordinates. Responses are characterized for different locations…

Fig. 4.1 A representative subject’s ankle rotations in DP, IE, and ML directions during the straight walk and step turn Table 4.1 shows the average ROM of the subjects during the…

(7.1) With T equal to the average time required to complete the movement and D (distance) over W (width of target) as a proxy for accuracy; a and b are…