Low Cerebellar Tonsils Gregory L. Katzman, MD, MBA DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Tonsillar Ectopia Chiari 1 Herniation Syndromes, Intracranial Less Common Intracranial Hypotension Basilar Invagination (Mimic) Rare but Important Brain Death…
Medulla Lesion Nancy J. Fischbein, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Lateral Medullary Infarct Wallerian Degeneration Demyelinating Lesion (MS, ADEM) Vascular Lesion Cavernous Malformation; AVM Brainstem Glioma, Pediatric Diffuse Fibrillary Astrocytoma Exophytic…
Small Brainstem Karen L. Salzman, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Cerebral Infarction, Chronic Wallerian Degeneration Less Common Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Multiple System Atrophy Olivopontocerebellar Degeneration Striatonigral Degeneration Rare but Important Friedreich…
Tectal (Quadrigeminal Plate) Lesion Karen L. Salzman, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Diffuse Astrocytoma, Low Grade Brainstem Glioma, Pediatric Less Common Lipoma Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Chiari 2 Rare but Important Cavernous…
Bithalamic Lesions Nancy J. Fischbein, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Arterial Ischemia Venous Ischemia/Deep Venous Thrombosis ADEM Diffuse Astrocytoma/Gliomatosis Cerebri Less Common Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy, NOS HIE, Term Neonate Profound Hypoperfusion Injury,…
“Pulvinar Sign” Karen L. Salzman, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, Variant (vCJD) Less Common Fabry Disease Thalamic Infarct (Mimic) Neoplasms (Mimic) ADEM (Mimic) Rare but Important…
Globus Pallidus Lesion(s) Karen L. Salzman, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy, NOS HIE, Neonate CO Poisoning Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Less Common Drug Abuse Hyperalimentation Hepatic Encephalopathy Leigh Syndrome Cyanide…
Unilateral Thalamic Lesion Karen L. Salzman, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Lacunar Infarction Hypertensive Intracranial Hemorrhage Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Less Common Diffuse Astrocytoma, Low Grade Glioblastoma Multiforme Anaplastic Astrocytoma ADEM Rare…
Putamen Lesion(s) Karen L. Salzman, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Hypertensive Intracranial Hemorrhage Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy HIE, Term Hypotensive Cerebral Infarction Less Common Methanol Toxicity Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome Leigh Syndrome Rare but…
Perivascular Space Enhancing Lesions Karen L. Salzman, MD DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common Meningitis Neurosarcoid Tuberculosis Vasculitis Less Common Glioblastoma Multiforme Lymphoma, Intravascular (Angiocentric) Cerebral Amyloid Disease Rare but Important Metastases Granulomatous…
