This chapter is dedicated to professor Douglas Miller for his personal influence on my understanding of brain injury and his genius in originating the concept of targeted therapy, the implications…

Introduction Xenon-enhanced computed tomography (Xe-CT) is a powerful physiologic imaging tool that provides a clinician with quantitative cerebral blood flow (CBF) data, allows the physiologic response to various interventions to…

Introduction Between 25% and 75% of critically ill patients are affected by acute kidney injury (AKI), and AKI is an independent risk factor for mortality in critically ill patients, including…

Introduction Brain functional and structural integrity depends on a constant supply of oxygen and glucose through cerebral blood flow (CBF) to the cerebral microcirculation. Accordingly, adequate function of the cerebral…

Introduction Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide structural images of the brain. CT allows early diagnosis of surgically treatable intracranial space-occupying lesions in traumatic brain injury (TBI)…

Introduction The German psychiatrist Hans Berger made the first recording of the electric field of the human brain in 1924 in Jena. He gave this recording the name electroencephalogram (EEG)….

Introduction Computed tomography (CT)–based imaging technology continues to be the principal imaging modality in patients who require neurocritical care. CT imaging can monitor intracranial events, CT angiography (CTA) can demonstrate…

Introduction Neuromonitoring can help determine the extent of neurologic injury, can detect secondary injury at a potentially reversible stage, can help assess the effect of clinical care on an individual…

Introduction The injured brain is exquisitely sensitive to global changes in blood flow and oxygen delivery. Brain injury rarely occurs in the absence of systemic injury, either as a primary…