4 Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Abstract The transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) has become one of the most dependable procedures for decompression and stabilization of the lumbar spine since…

9 Anterior Cervical Discectomy with Arthroplasty or Fusion Abstract The anterior approach to the cervical spine for discectomy followed by fusion or arthroplasty is the most consistent and durable of operations…

6 Minimally Invasive Lateral Transpsoas Interbody Lumbar Fusion Abstract: Minimally invasive lateral transpsoas interbody lumbar fusion is a direct, 90-degree lateral retroperitoneal transpsoas approach to the lumbar disc space. The procedure…

3 Minimally Invasive Lumbar Laminectomy Abstract The difference in the exposure and approach between a minimally invasive and open lumbar microdiscectomy is slight. The difference between a minimally invasive and open…

7 Minimally Invasive Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy Abstract The posterior cervical foraminotomy builds on the minimally invasive skill set developed for the management of lumbar radiculopathies. Although several of the principles remain…

2 Minimally Invasive Microdiscectomy Abstract There are more similarities than differences in the exposures of a minimally invasive microdiscectomy and its open equivalent. Acknowledging these similarities allows for the mind to…

11 Minimally Invasive Resection of Intradural Extramedullary Lesions within the Thoracic Spine Abstract A minimally invasive surgeon views the spinal canal in three dimensions, where the spinous process no longer presents…

8 Minimally Invasive Posterior Cervical Laminectomy Abstract Dorsal compression of the cervical spinal cord at a single segment is a rare circumstance in clinical practice. As such, the minimally invasive posterior…

5 Minimally Invasive Far Lateral Microdiscectomy Abstract The minimally invasive far lateral microdiscectomy takes the surgeon far from the midline of the spine. The inevitable result is the greatest potential for…