4 Disease-Specific Diagnostics and Medical Management External Ear Congenital Malformations of the External Ear Acute Infections of the External Ear Chronic Infections of the External Auditory Canal Benign Tumors of…
5 Case Examples Case 5.1 • Diagnosis: Pineal cyst (related anatomy: pp. 10, 11, 38–47) • Preoperative examination: Neurologically intact • Approach: Right paramedian keyhole endoscopic-assisted supracerebellar infratentorial (related approach:…
4 Approaches to Thalamic, Pineal, and Brainstem Lesions Figure 4.1. Anterior skull base approaches. (a) The various anterior and anterolateral skull base approaches that can be used to access lesions…
2 Safe Entry Zones Figure 2.1. (a) Anterior view. The cerebrospinal cisterns provide natural pathways to the brainstem. (b) Axial view. These pathways can be reached using skull base approaches…
3 Tenets of Brainstem Surgery Figure 3.1. Positioning and craniotomy. (a) The operation begins with the proper positioning of the patient, so that the surgeon can perform the operation in…
4 Disease-Specific Diagnostics and Medical Management External Ear Congenital Malformations of the External Ear Acute Infections of the External Ear Chronic Infections of the External Auditory Canal Benign Tumors of…
4 Disease-Specific Diagnostics and Medical Management External Ear Congenital Malformations of the External Ear Acute Infections of the External Ear Chronic Infections of the External Auditory Canal Benign Tumors of…
3 Otologic and Neurotologic Diagnostics and Tests Physical Examination General Otologic/Neurotologic Physical Examination The Neurotologic Cranial Nerve Examination Evaluation of Hearing Clinical Evaluation Behavioral Testing Objective Audiometry Assessment of Middle…
2 Basic Principles Anatomy of the Temporal Bone and Adjacent Structures Overview of Temporal Bone Anatomy Anatomy of the External Ear and Eustachian Tube Anatomy of the Middle Ear Anatomy…
