Cranial Nerve XII: Hypoglossal
23.2 Function The hypoglossal nerve has only GSE motor fibers. It innervates the intrinsic and all of the extrinsic tongue muscles except the palatoglossus (which is innervated by CN X)….
NEUROSURGERY
Cranial Nerve X: Vagus
21.2 Function Special visceral motor function (SVE): from nucleus ambiguus to all intrinsic muscles of the larynx, all pharyngeal and soft palate muscles except for stylopharyngeal muscle (CN IX) and…
Cranial Nerve IX: Glossopharyngeal
20.2 Function Branchial motor function (SVE): The muscular branch from the nucleus ambiguus innervates the stylopharyngeal muscle to elevate the pharynx during phases of swallowing and speech. It also innervates…
Cranial Nerve VI: Abducens
17.2 Function The abducens nerve has only GSE motor fibers. It innervates the lateral rectus muscle, the activation of which causes abduction of the eye allowing for conjugate horizontal gaze….
Functional Anatomy of the Cerebellum and Brainstem
© Springer International Publishing AG 2018Nivedita Agarwal and John D. Port (eds.)Neuroimaging: Anatomy Meets Functionhttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57427-1_11 11. Functional Anatomy of the Cerebellum and Brainstem Nivedita Agarwal1, 2, 3 (1) S. Maria del Carmine Hospital, Azienda Provinciale per…
Functional Anatomy of the Major Tracts
© Springer International Publishing AG 2018Nivedita Agarwal and John D. Port (eds.)Neuroimaging: Anatomy Meets Functionhttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57427-1_6 6. Functional Anatomy of the Major Tracts Nivedita Agarwal1, 2, 3 (1) S. Maria del Carmine Hospital, Azienda Provinciale per i…
Functional Anatomy of the Major Lobes
Substantia nigra, pars reticulata Ventral anterior nucleus (VA) Area #8 Initiation and planning of movements Globus pallidum Ventral anterior nucleus (VA) Area #6 Initiation and planning of movements Globus pallidum…
Surgical Technique
and Uwe Spetzger1 (1) Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, Germany The anterior standard approach is the most frequently used surgical approach to the cervical spine. It is suitable…
Choice of Implant
and Uwe Spetzger1 (1) Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, Germany For younger patients with soft-disc herniation, only slight osteochondrosis, and good range of motion in the affected level…
Anatomical Aspects
and Uwe Spetzger1 (1) Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, Germany The cervical spine has an exceptional position within spine surgery because of its filigree dimensions and its relations…
