Fig. 3.1 Flowchart shows sample workflow for a radiology-centered 3D three-dimensional printing process. Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) images are initially processed with compatible segmentation software, and the…

Fig. 2.1 DICOM images cannot be directly communicated to 3D printers for printing. 3D printers currently accept digital 3D models, typically defined by surfaces stored in the STL file format….

Fig. 5.1 Identification of the auditory canal from a cone beam CT 5.1 Craniofacial Imaging Computed tomography is the preferred method of imaging for head and neck reconstructions. The Hounsfield…

Tested geometry Printing technology Absolute difference; mean ± SD (range) [mm, unless otherwise noted] Relative difference; mean ± SD (range) [%] Skull and mandible (El-Katatny et al. 2010) Professional FDM…

Fig. 7.1 Flexible 3D printed models of double outlet right ventricle for hands-on training of suturing the ventricular septal defect patch (photo courtesy of Prof. Shi-Joon Yoo from The Hospital…

Fig. 6.1 Titanium plate compressed to 3D-printed model of defect Patient’s actual bone from the initial decompression cannot be used as a template at the time of implantation simply because…

Fig. 12.1 Illustration of the reality-virtuality continuum 12.2 History of Virtual Reality 12.2.1 Early Milestones While the concept of VR dates back to early science fiction writers, its history is…

Fig. 10.1 Medical model of tumor and vasculature The intent of this chapter is to familiarize the reader to the role of the FDA in medical device development and regulation…

Fig. 4.1 3D printer managed and operated in the medical library by the medical students at the University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Shown from left to right, Aili Wang, Isabelle…