Traumatic Brain Injury
2 Traumatic Brain Injury Chad Miller Trauma accounts for over 150,000 deaths in the United States each year. A frequent cause of mortality for this group is head injury, for…
NEUROSURGERY
Myasthenic Crisis
11 Myasthenic Crisis Mark Sivak and Jennifer A. Frontera Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease of the neuromuscular junction characterized by a T-cell dependent response targeted to the postsynaptic…
Grades of Recommendations Based on Level of Evidence
22 Grades of Recommendations Based on Level of Evidence Jennifer A. Frontera Table 22.1 The American Academy of Neurology’s Classification Scheme for Rating a Prognostic Article Class I Evidence provided…
Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy
9 Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy Adam Webb and Owen Samuels More than 160,000 out-of-hospital cardiac arrests occur annually. Nearly 25% of patients receive cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) either from bystanders or emergency…
Status Epilepticus
5 Status Epilepticus Jan Claassen and Lawrence J. Hirsch Status epilepticus (SE) is a life-threatening medical and neurological emergency and requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. Every hour delay in treatment…
Brain Death and Organ Donation
14 Brain Death and Organ Donation Jennifer A. Frontera Brain death, which is equivalent to legal death, is defined as the irreversible loss of brain and brainstem function. There is…
Critical Illness Polyneuropathy and Myopathy
13 Critical Illness Polyneuropathy and Myopathy Valerie Dechant, Eduardo Adonias de Sousa, and Kiwon Lee Critically ill patients are at risk for developing severe weakness secondary to critical illness polyneuropathy…
Cerebral Sinus Thrombosis
7 Cerebral Sinus Thrombosis Isabel Fragata and Aman Patel Thrombosis of cerebral veins and dural sinuses is an uncommon clinical entity, representing less than 1% of all stroke cases in…
Guillain-Barré Syndrome
12 Guillain-Barré Syndrome Jennifer A. Frontera Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a heterogeneous group of immunemediated polyneuropathies with motor, sensory, and dysautonomic features. It is the most common cause of acute…
Prophylaxis
18 Prophylaxis Sherry Hsiang-Yi Chou Critically ill neurologic patients are at high risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE), nosocomial infection, gastric ulcer, and anemia. Prophylaxis can minimize the risk of these…
