17 Trauma Daniel K. Park and Ravi K. Ponnappan I. Key Points – The thoracolumbar spine (T11–L1) is the most common site of spinal injury. – Surgical treatment is indicated…

9 Neurophysiologic Monitoring in Spine Surgery Glen Aaron Pollock, Naomi Abel, and Fernando L. Vale I. Key Points – Somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs). Monitor the electrophysiologic integrity of the dorsal…

40 Cervical-Thoracic Junction Technique Matthew B. Maserati and David O. Okonkwo I. Key Points – The cervical-thoracic junction (CTJ) is an anatomically and biomechanically unique region of the vertebral column…