11Degenerative Cervical Spine Disorders: Surgical and Nonsurgical Treatment ♦ Cervical Degenerative Disease I. Clinical categories A. Discogenic axial pain with or without referred pain B. Disc herniation 1. Myelopathy 2….
IVDeformity 16 Lumbar Spondylolisthesis 17 Scoliosis 18 Kyphotic Spinal Deformities in Children and Adults 16Lumbar Spondylolisthesis I. Introduction A. Definitions 1. Spondylolisthesis—displacement of one vertebra on another 2. Spondylolysis—lytic defect…
15Surgical Management of Axial Back Pain ♦ Introduction I. Lifetime incidence of low back pain estimated at 80% of general population A. Fourteen percent of new patient visits to physicians…
23Pediatric Cervical Spine Disorders I. Developmental anatomy A. Atlas 1. Neurocentral synchondrosis forms at 6 to 24 months. a. Fusion begins at 4 to 6 years. b. Posterior synchondrosis fuses…
21Rheumatoid Arthritis I. Rheumatoid arthritis A. Clinical findings 1. Most commonly affects the cervical spine 2. Within 5 years of serological diagnosis, 30 to 50% develop subluxation. 3. Most common…
8Cervical Spine Trauma I. General considerations A. Fifty thousand cervical spinal column or cord injuries reported yearly in the United States B. Most spinal column or cord injuries occur in…
IIIDegenerative Spinal Conditions 10 Biochemical Aspects of Intervertebral Disk Degeneration 11 Degenerative Cervical Spine Disorders: Surgical and Nonsurgical Treatment 12 Degenerative Thoracic Spine Conditions 13 Lumbar Disk Disease: Pathogenesis and…
3Spinal Imaging and Diagnostic Tests ♦ Imaging Modalities I. General considerations A. Spinal imaging modalities (Table 3–1) 1. Plain radiographs 2. Computed tomography 3. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 4. Bone…
9Thoracolumbar Spine Fractures I. General considerations A. Thoracolumbular spine is the most common site of spinal injuries B. Most injuries occur in males (age 15 to 29), usually a result…
