12 Motor/Sensory/Language Mapping James Schuster Electrical cortical stimulation was first reported by Bartholow in 1874.1 Cushing, Penfield, Rasmussen, and others greatly refined these techniques with regard to intraoperative stimulation and…

9 Hypothalamic Hamartomas Sandeep Mittal, José Luis Montes, Jean-Pierre Farmer and Abdulrahman J. Sabbagh The term hamartoma is derived from the Greek word hamartion meaning bodily defect. A hamartoma is…

14 Anatomical Hemispherectomy Gregory G. Heuer and Phillip B. Storm The general principle of surgery for intractable epilepsy is the removal or isolation of the region of brain that is…

10 Multiple Subpial Transections Albert E. Telfeian The initiation and propagation of epileptiform discharges in the brain divides the problem of focal epilepsy into two parts: one, the generation of…

3 Depth Electrodes in Invasive Epilepsy Monitoring Dimitris G. Placantonakis, Padmaja Kandula and Theodore H. Schwartz Since the inception of electroencephalography (EEG) by Berger,1 our understanding of the pathophysiological changes…

7 Cortical Resection in Frontal, Parietal, and Occipital Lobe David W. Roberts and Barbara C. Jobst Extratemporal epilepsy has been dichotomized from temporal lobe epilepsy historically in large part on…

2 Invasive EEG Studies: Peg, Strip, and Grid Implantation Gregory G. Heuer, Joel Bauman, Phillip B. Storm and Gordon H. Baltuch Epilepsy is a very common neurological disorder with a…

6 Cortical Resection in the Central Region Ram Mani and G. Rees Cosgrove The surgical treatment of epilepsy in the central region or rolandic cortex presents special challenges to neurosurgeons….