Surgical Technique Michael J. Fritsch Shunt surgery is considered to be an easy surgery. Among neurosurgical operations, shunt placement is one of the least time-consuming procedures, and, with regard to…

Intraoperative Complications Ullrich Meier A standard procedure in the surgical treatment of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is the implantation of a valve-controlled, ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt. The most frequent intraoperative complication…

Imaging Johannes Lemcke In the early days, an invasive method had to be used even for the evaluation of ventricle size in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). Now, we try…

Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy in Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Uwe Kehler Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is a well-established treatment for obstructive hydrocephalus. In patients with obstructive hydrocephalus, ETV may replace a shunt…

Shunt Settings Michael J. Fritsch First, ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt placement is the treatment of choice for patients with NPH.1 Alternatives, such as endoscopic third ventriculostomy, have not been proven to…

Noninvasive Diagnostic Work-up Uwe Kehler A diagnostic work-up always begins with the medical history and a clinical examination of the patient. However, the latter remains very subjective and is very…